xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. $>. Carefully collect remainder. 0000006227 00000 n A review of the most serious cases described 15 deaths of which two were confirmed related to lindane misuse including a suicidal ingestion. Access to page content (press "Enter") Lindane and [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). Further see Ingestion. Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after Fresh air, rest. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Chemical dangers Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. 104 0 obj <> endobj If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. 0000006477 00000 n 0 Medical observation is indicated. Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. DEA methoxycinnamate. Decomposes on heating and on burning. During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). [7], In 1995, lindane medications were designated second-line and are now reserved for patients who are unable to tolerate or have failed first-line treatmentsa growing problem in the U.S. and elsewhere due to increased rates of resistance. 0000006190 00000 n To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. Formula: C6H6Cl6 The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. 0000001466 00000 n The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. %PDF-1.4 % 0000003484 00000 n (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gloves. (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. Vomiting. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. Refer for medical attention. [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. [1] 0000050404 00000 n The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. (3) Transitional exception. [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. [26], Lindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Lindane persists in the environment and bioaccumulates as an organochlorine pesticide and can pose risks to ecological environments and human [1][19] The most common side effects with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. UN Classification Well closed. They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. 0000000016 00000 n (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. [30][31]The US FDA continues to maintain that lindane medications have necessary health benefits that outweigh potential risks and should remain available for patients with head lice, scabies and pubic lice (crabs) who have few treatment alternatives. Exposure to large amounts of lindane can negatively affect the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. It is of particular concern because of In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. This may result in convulsions. ];pGvZo~z8i##N7M3|cruvx}qLY^*PqoWU-;yr$z:9~sro?6N9iC0Y 6)?S9xwQ(elU[3+s]q-{ Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. [15], The current FDA-approved product labeling emphasizes that lindane medications are contraindicated for use in premature infants and individuals with known uncontrolled seizure disorders and should be used with caution in infants, children, the elderly, and individuals with other skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) and in those who weigh less than 110 lbs (50 kg) as they may be at risk of serious neurotoxicity. The other storms took place on November 4, 2021 and March 24, 2023. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the northern front range from "serious" to "severe." At the same time, a boxed warning was added to the prescription label to highlight to healthcare providers appropriate use criteria and rare treatment risks. 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. [6] [1] However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in (ii) 5 kg (11 pounds) or less net capacity for solids. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). This article wants to briefly summarise the Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. It also notes that careful consideration should be given before prescribing lindane medications to patients with conditions that may increase the risk of seizure, such as HIV infection, history of head trauma or a prior seizure, CNS tumor, the presence of severe hepatic cirrhosis, excessive use of alcohol, abrupt withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives, as well as concomitant use of medications known to lower seizure threshold. The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. Your browser does not support JavaScript. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure 0000002858 00000 n (2) Be marked on each end and each side with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark if the packaging has a capacity of 3,785 L (1,000 gallons) or more. Rinse mouth. [15] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Lindane has not been shown to alter immunocompetence in humans and is not considered to be genotoxic. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. 0000001686 00000 n [11][12] Both medications contain only the gamma-HCH isomer, and are available as prescription-only medications. WebLindane, a lipophilic pollutant, may be toxic to organisms. The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. trailer This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including chlorine (see ICSC 0126), hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). [6] (see also Regulatory Status) The FDA, however, continues to support the use of lindane prescription medications, noting that The risk of occupational/environmental exposure should be assessed separately and independent of the risk related to the therapeutic use of a medication to treat a medical condition where there is direct benefit to the patient. [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate. 0000003713 00000 n Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. [34], In response to Morton Grove's complaint, the Ecology Center defendants moved to dismiss the case based on an alleged lack of personal jurisdiction. [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). This substance does enter the environment under normal use. [1][21] Similarly, no increased cancer risk was noted in a large epidemiologic study of lindane medications involving a 143,594-patient database with up to 21 years of follow up, which concluded that There is still no persuasive evidence from studies of humans that lindane, as ordinarily used clinically, is carcinogenic in humans. [22] Tremor. Convulsions. Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. Abstract. (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. Remove contaminated clothes. To explore the toxic effects of lindane and the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity, the animal model Caenorhabditis 104 22 (June 8, 2007 order). (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. WebLindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Lindane is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant, and its concentrated form persists in the aquatic environment. Diarrhoea. Effects of short-term exposure Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. Wash hands before eating. Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. [18], Canadas Pest Management Regulatory Agency phased out of all agricultural uses of lindane between 2000 and 2005 due to concerns of chronic occupational exposure and risks to workers during seed treatment and planting. Routes of exposure [20] The majority of studies of the general population have also shown no association between serum or breast tissue levels of lindane and breast cancer. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. 0000057076 00000 n The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. %PDF-1.6 % [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. (e) MARINE POLLUTANT mark. Find out more about the company LUMITOS and our team. Sore throat. [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. Larger than the issue of lindane toxicity are concerns related to the non-gamma isomers of HCH, namely alpha-HCH and beta-HCH, which are notably more toxic than lindane. (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. ILO and WHO 2021. Nausea. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. Samples of intestinal tissues were prepared in both control WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. margarita shipwreck coins, 2019 freightliner cascadia cab for sale, nashville nights gymnastics meet 2022,
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