The massive crowd of supporters that came out to see the Nazi Party leaders speak, seen from above. APSR, On August 19, 1934, Adolf Hitler, already chancellor, is also elected president of Germany in an unprecedented consolidation of power in the short history of the republic. Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi head of propaganda, waves at Hitler as he passes by in his car. In the first round of voting Hindenburg achieved 49.6% of the votes - just short of the required 50% to be determined the winner (Hitler won 30%). Papen called an election in November after a vote of no confidence. With this fear removed after the results of the election were known, belief in Hitler's promise gave way to distrust and a desire to cripple the movement. WebThe German presidential election, 13 March and 10 April 1932. WebWhat were the results of the presidential election of 1932? The "Brownshirts" keep people in line at a Nazi Party rally. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. This was the second and final direct election to the office of President of the Reich (Reichsprsident), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. View all Google Scholar citations Hindenburg That inevitably led to clashes with the Communist paramilitary. 14 According to the financial report of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund for the year 1930, the total income of all the affiliated trade unions amounted to 29,795,653.97 marks, of which 20,739,629.41 marks were derived from dues. Original file (SVG file, nominally 726 572 pixels, file size: 3.64 MB). A truck drives by, covered in propaganda calling on the people to keep Paul von Hindenburg as President of Germany and keep the fascists out. The German National People's Party in an earlier election, drives through the streets with an anti-semitic poster on their truck. These figures do not, of course, have anything directly to do with campaign finances, but merely suggest the financial strength of one of the largest trade union federations in Germany, which in 1932 actively supported the Social Democratic party and the cause of Hindenburg. Mnchner Stadtmuseum, Munich, Germany 2014.jpg, Nazi Party (NSDAP) election poster Germany 1932. On May 29 he dismissed his intercessor Chancellor Brning and appointed Franz von Papen, a declared anti-democrat, his successor. 23 This conclusion is well elaborated in an article by Zehrer, Hans, Die Frhjahrs offensive, in Die Tat, April, 1932, pp. Hindenburg was elected president by an outcome of 53%, while Hitler could significantly increase his results by more than two million votes compared to the first round obviously profiting from Duesterberg's retreat. 12 Hitler became a German citizen shortly before the election by becoming an official of the government of the state of Braunschweig, one of the seventeen German Lnder. By July 31, 1932, the people were angry. Hitler had Rhm executed without trial, which encouraged the army and other reactionary forces within the country to urge Hitler to further consolidate his power by merging the presidency and the chancellorship. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The Nazis were angrier and more militant than any other party out there and as life got harder, that started to appeal to the Germans. The Nazis made a mistake of marching with the Communists to support transport workers, thus alienating a lot of middle class voters. news media, and private enterprise. Hindenburg defeated Hitler in a runoff. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: August 19. The three main candidates were: President. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. The threat of Hitler caused many on the left to support Hindenburg; at the same time, Hindenburg's failure to overturn the Weimar Republic had disappointed many of those who had supported him in 1925. Hitler's rage-filled ideas of racial superiority then started to seem more palatable to the people of Germany. May Brning resigned as Chancellor. Hindenburg remained the only independent politician elected president of Germany until the election of Joachim Gauck nearly 80 years later. WebResults of the second round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Hitler and his Sturmabteilung paramilitary group lead a massive rally of supporters. Chancellor Heinrich Brning steps out of the polling station after casting his vote against Hitler. Indeed, it would have been very hard to win a one-party majority in the Weimar Republic - no parties did so. more than half) in the first round was elected. WebNovember 1932 Election. This would be the last presidential election in what would become West Germany and East Germany until 1949. The results of the two rounds were: March 1932: Hindenburg, 18 million votes (49.6%); Hitler, 11 million votes (30%); Thlmann, 5 million votes (14%). Summary Licensing I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. [1] Independent incumbent Paul von Hindenburg won a second seven-year term against Adolf Hitler of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). * The second regular pres-idential election held in Germany since the adoption of the present consti-tution was completed on April 10, Hitler succeeded Hindenburg as head of state upon his death in 1934, whereafter he abolished the office entirely, and replaced it with the new position of Fhrer und Reichskanzler ("Leader and Reich Chancellor"), cementing his rule. Duesterberg immediately faced a massive defamation campaign by the Nazis, who, however, still had to procure German citizenship for Hitler. On The National Socialist German Workers' Party headquarters courts voters by passing out balloons with tiny swastikas. 15 The total income of the Social Democratic party for 1930 was 4,140,004 marks, of which at least 2,000,000 marks were spent for general agitation. } Two men put up a poster calling on people to vote for Hitler in the presidential election. A campaign truck urges voters to cast their ballots for the DNVP: the German National People's Party. 214 High Street, [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of Total loading time: 0 But Hitler was not appeased. WebUnused ballot distributed for the first round of the 1932 Presidential election in Germany held March 12. In March 1932, the presidential elections began as a three-way race between the incumbent Hindenburg, supported by pro-democratic parties, against Hitler on the one hand and the Communist Ernst Thlmann on the other. He wanted the chancellorship for himself. Down with Bolshevism; 5. Business must serve the people; 6. Request Permissions, Published By: American Political Science Association. Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. At the end of World War I, the country was crippled. By the 1930s, the skilled propaganda campaigns of the Nazi Party had transformed Adolf Hitler from a little known extremist to a leading candidate for President. They were full of distrust and racial hatred, and they made their voices heard by going out to the polls and voting for the Nazi Party. Hindenburg The September 1930 elections produced a highly fragmented Reichstag, making the formation of a stable government impossible. Papens policies failed on another front: His authoritarian rule alienated his supporters, and he too was forced to resign. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Then, in 1924, a war profiteering and corruption scandal in the German government between former Chancellor Gustav Bauer and the Jewish Barmat brothers merchants brought on a whole new wave of anti-Semitism and distrust in the government. 17 Frankfurter Zeitung, April 12, 1932, p. 2Google Scholar. This page was last edited on 24 January 2022, at 00:11. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Brning's policies, implemented via presidential decree and tolerated by parliament, failed to solve the economic crisis and weakened the parliamentary system. Papen's cabinet had almost no support in the Reichstag. internationally. WebWhat were the results of the presidential election of 1932? first published in November 1906 and appearing quarterly, is the 22 It may be of interest to cite some of the slogans, taken from a collection of about 100 different posters. They'd been forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, including its War Guilt Clause, which put the full blame for the war squarely on Germany's shoulders along with its expenses. It is not necessary for the president of Germany to be a native-born citizen. Results of the second round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. Chancellor Heinrich Brning speaks to a crowd, urging them to vote for Paul von Hindenburg and keep Hitler out of power. 1 Presidential nominations may be made in one of two ways: by petitions signed by 20,000 eligible voters, or by a group or party proposal signed by only 20 voters, if such group or party has a representative in the Beichstag and received at least 500,000 votes at the last Reichstag election. brings together political scientists from all fields of inquiry, regions, and As the final votes are cast in the presidential election, supporters of each candidate make one last bid to sway the voters. 2. APSR features research from all fields of political The writer Gerhart Hauptmann, painter Max Liebermann, Artur Mahraun, leader of the Young German Order, the industrialist Carl Duisberg, as well as the former ministers Otto Gessler and Gustav Noske were among the signatories of the appeal, which convinced Hindenburg to run. In 1932, German President Paul von Hindenburg, old, tired, and a bit senile, had won re-election as president but had lost a considerable portion of his Hindenburg had contempt for the Nazis lawlessness but ultimately agreed to oust his chancellor, Heinrich Bruning, for Franz von Papen, who was willing to appease the Nazis by lifting the ban on Hitlers Brown Shirts and unilaterally canceling Germanys reparation payments, imposed by the Treaty of Versailles at the close of World War I. Web1932 April - Presidential election. 114Google Scholar. In the first round of voting Hindenburg achieved 49.6% of the votes - just short of the required 50% to be determined the winner (Hitler won 30%). The Nazi Party fed upon this desperation. Only three days after his appointment, he was faced with such opposition that he had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag and call new elections for 31 July so that the Reichstag could not dismiss him immediately.[3]. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to stand against Hindenburg. In its earlier days, APSR also covered the personal and Vllcischer Beobachter, April 5, 1932, p. 2Google Scholar. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. The presidential election was important because it showed how popular Hitler was. In the second round, the candidate receiving a plurality of votes would be elected. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Company Reg no: 04489574. Under the electoral law, a candidate who received an absolute majority of votes (i.e. Unsere letzte Hoffnung ist Adolf Hitler; Das letzte Stck Brot raubt ihnen der Kapitalismus, whlt Thlmann; Schluss jetzt mit Hitlers Volksverhetzung, whlt Hindenburg; Entscheidet die Zukunft eurer Kinder; Haltet ein mit der Deutschen Selbstzerfleischung, wahlt Hindenburg; Ein Mann gegen Parteikadaver und InteressenhaufenHitler (forbidden); Landvolk in Not. Clever Lili is here to help you ace your exams. Hitler's paramilitary "Brownshirts" sit down with a farmer and his wife and try to persuade them to vote Nazi. [2] In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican partiesthe Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal partiescollapsed. 24 On April 5, 1932, Hitler published his program, the section headings of which were: 1. Critical Thinking Questions What can artifacts such as this one tell us about life in Germany before the Nazi rise to power? WebResults of the first round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. Hindenburg's reelection failed to prevent the NSDAP from assuming power. WebThe 1932 German presidential election was held on 13 March, with a runoff on 10 April. Citizens and workers must become Germans; 2. The same was true of Hitler in 1932. President Paul Nationally, German politics of the 1920s was characterised by a succession of multi-party governments bringing together social democrats or SDPs with parties of the centre and centre right. Democracy died and fascism rose because the people voted for it. While Hindenburg was frontrunner, Hitler's performance was shockingly high. On April 5, 1932, Hitler published his program, the section headings of which were: 1. Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party representatives pose together for a photograph while planning their election campaign. President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. Feature Flags: { Nazi Party poster with photographs of 20 men supporting Hitler or Hindenburg in the 1932 presidential election. People came out in droves and cast their votes to give the Reichstag to the Nazis and they really believed that they were making the right choice. It took a fire in the Reichstag, the death of a president, and a night of executions to make the Nazis' power absolute but that power originated with the will of the people. As a result of the election, President Paul von Hindenburg was reflected for another term of seven years beginning May 5. 9 Jahrbuch der Berufsverbnde im Deutschen Reiche (1930), p. 58Google Scholar. His major opponent in the election was Adolf Hitler of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). The last election had been held in 1925. What questions does this photo raise for you? preeminent political science journal in the United States and Wer hilft? Intimidation, and fear of the communists, brought Hitler a 90 percent majority. Hitler then proceeded to purge the Brown Shirts (his storm troopers), the head of which, Ernst Rhm, had begun voicing opposition to the Nazi Partys terror tactics. Although Hitler lost the presidential election of 1932, he achieved his goals, when he was appointed chancellor on 30 January 1933. Kurt von Schleicher, the new Chancellor of Germany, takes one last look at the placards before casting his vote. 2 For a good discussion of the nature of modern political parties in Germany, see ProfessorNeumann, S., Die Deutschen Parteien, Junker und Dnnhaupt, 1932Google Scholar. Two successive federal elections later that year left it as the largest party in the Reichstag and anti-republic parties in the majority. The American Political Science Review All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. Crowds come out to cast their ballots in the first round of the presidential election. When after World War II the modern office of German Federal President was established in 1949, following the restoration of democracy in West Germany, it was decided that the president would be chosen indirectly by means of a Federal Convention consisting of parliamentarians and state delegates. Jahrbuch der Deutschen Sozialdemocratie (1930), p. 303Google Scholar. Never enthusiastic about the presidency (or public office in general), Hindenburg had planned to stand down after his first term. 02 September 2013. Close 54 Posted by1 year ago They were voted in. So, the election was repeated, and the Nazis redoubled their efforts to win. There were two rounds to the presidential election of 1932. To date, therefore, the 1932 election was the last occasion on which a direct presidential election has occurred in Germany. research in colleges and universities in the U.S. and abroad, one-fourth work There were actually five major elections in 1932. Party representatives stand outside a polling station during the federal election, holding their placards high. WebThe 1932 United States elections were held on November 8, during the Great Depression.The presidential election coincided with U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and hasContentIssue false, Copyright American Political Science Association 1932, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Neither the Nazi Party nor Hindenburg had a governing majority, and the other parties refused to co-operate, meaning no coalition government with a majority could be formed. As Hindenburgs current chancellor could no longer gain a majority in the Reichstag, and Hitler could bring together a larger swath of the masses and a unified right/conservative/nationalist coalition, the president gave in. WebIn the 1932 presidential election campaign, Germanys establishment parties, including the leftist Social Democrats and several centrist parties, supported Paul von Hindenburg For a complete list, see Handbuch der Weltpresse (Carl Duncker, 1931)Google Scholar. A party was permitted to nominate an alternative candidate in the second round, but in 1932 this did not occur (unlike 1925). Backed by the Communist International, it was hoped that he would gain support from left-wing Social Democrats disgusted by Hindenburg's character. 13 There are at present in Germany ten broadcasting companies, with sixteen substations. Joseph Goebbels addresses a massive crowd that has come out to support the Nazi Party. 3 As disclosed in an article by Mller, Johannes, Protestant pastor in Leipzig, entitled, Die Evangelischen und der Staat, Frankfurter Zeitung, April 8, 1932Google Scholar. WebIn the presidential elections of 1932, Nazi propagandists appealed to Germans left unemployed and destitute by the Great Depressionwith an offer of a savior. Hitler came second to Hindenburg, who won 53 per cent of the vote to Hitlers 36.8 per cent. Hindenburg failed to receive the requisite majority of votes in the first round, but was able to win reelection in the runoff. publication of the American Political Science Association (APSA). By the 1930s, the skilled propaganda campaigns of the Nazi Party had transformed Adolf Hitler from a little known extremist to a leading candidate for President. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=German_presidential_election,_1932&oldid=3667221, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Nazi supporters march in celebration after hearing that Hitler has been appointed Chancellor of Germany. April 1932: Hindenburg, 19 million votes (53%); Hitler, 13 million votes (36%); Thlmann, 4 million votes (11%). Germany's Communist Party, the KPD, deck out their campaign office with signs warning of the dangers of voting for Hitler. All Rights Reserved. On April 13, 1932, President von Hindenburg issued a special decree abolishing these National Socialist organizations. The incumbent President, Paul von Hindenburg, first elected in 1925, was re-elected to a second seven-year term of office. The 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of President of the Reich ( Reichsprsident ), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. Although Hindenburg was re-elected, Hitler saw his vote share increase by 6%, proving that the Nazi party was growing its support quickly. 5 Dr.Kaisenberg, Georg, Die Wahl des Beichsprsidenten (Carl Heymanns, 1932), supp. the Proceedings of the APSA. It remains, until today, the last direct election of the German President. [1] They were the second and final direct elections to the office of President of the Reich (Reichsprsident), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. How Hitler And The Nazi Party Convinced Germany To Vote For Fascism, Mark Oliver is a writer, teacher, and father whose work has appeared on The Onion's StarWipe, Yahoo, and Cracked, and can be found on his, "The Most Bizarre Dinosaur Ever Found" Just Solved A Huge Evolutionary Mystery, Why An Australian Senator Wore A Burqa To Parliament (VIDEO), What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch. With so much debt to pay off, German money became practically worthless. "The German Reichstag Elections of July 31, 1932", The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_1932_German_federal_election&oldid=1144885216, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kleinrentner, Inflationsgeschdigte und Vorkriegsgeldbesitzer, Worker and Farmer Party of Germany/Christian Radical People's Front, Interessengemeinschaft der Kleinrentner und Inflationsgeschdigten, National Socialist People's Alliance for Truth and Justice, Handwerker, Handels- und Gewerbetreibende, Kriegsteilnehmer, Kriegsbeschdigte und Kriegshinterbliebene, Gerechtigkeitsbewegung fr Parteienverbot gegen Lohn-, Gehalts- und Rentenkrzungen fr Arbeitsbeschaffung, Deutsche Einheitspartei fr wahre Volkswirtschaft, Untersttzungsempfnger- Partei Deutschlands, Hchstgehalt der Beamten 5000 M. Fr die Arbeitslosen und bis jetzt abgewiesenen Kriegsbeschdigten, Liste gegen Krzung der Invaliden-, Sozial- und Kriegsbeschdigtenrenten, Der ernste evangelisch-lutherische Christ (Gerechtigkeits-Bewegung), Bund Bayerisches Handwerk und Gewerbe, Haus- und Grundbesitz und Landwirtschaft, Schicksalsgemeinschaft deutscher Erwerbslosen, Kampfgemeinschaft der Rentner, Sparer und Inflationsgeschdigten, Nationale Rentner, Sparer und Inflationsgeschdigte, Party of the Unemployed for Work and Bread, Freiheitliche National-Soziale Deutsche Mittelstandsbewegung, National-soziale Partei gegen die Hauszinssteuer, Kampfgemeinschaft fr Handwerk, Gewerbe, Hausbesitz und Landwirtschaft, General Social-National Unity Worker Party of Germany, Freiwirtschaftsbewegung fr Freiland, Freigeld, Festwhrung, Kampfbund der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten und Auslandsgeschdigten, Kampfgemeinschaft der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten, This page was last edited on 16 March 2023, at 03:20. All of these companies are now members of a central organization really under the control of the Post Office Department, which holds 51 per cent of the stock of the central organization, which in turn controls 55.1 per cent of the capital of the member companies. The Stahlhelm, which supported Duesterberg in the first election, took no official stand in the second. However, both party leaders, unified in the Harzburg Front alliance of October 1931, rejected his proposals. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository,
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