Men of the 1st Special Forces Group arrived on Vietnamese soil on June 24, 1957, and began training 58 South Vietnamese soldiers at the commando training center in Nha Trang. Bien Hoa. With the remnants of the battalion regrouped, the two Rangers proceeded to lead the formation through the jungle for several hours toward the proper objective. On January 1, 1969, General Westmoreland brought the 13 different LRRP units under the umbrella of the 75th Infantry Rangers, linking them to the 75th Infantry of 1954 and the 475th Infantry of 1944 and that units 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional) Merrills Marauders whose regimental patch the Rangers would wear. God Bless America! They also experienced a shortage of MACV Recondo School and Ranger School graduates. LRRPs were hunters and trackers, and their elusive prey was the NVA and VC. A soldier takes cover behind a stone wall in Tam Ky. 1969. More than two centuries later, that same approach would serve their successors well during combat operations in the jungles of Vietnam. 2d Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment (remainder of 10th Special Forces Group, 1st Special Forces--hereafter . Jeffrey Alan Maurer were the last two U.S. soldiers to . Soldiers on a search-and-destroy mission move through an area that had been previously cleared by supporting artillery. Unfortunately for the LRP units, even though they would eventually become the founding units of the Rangers, there initially was no heritage or lineage to bind the separate companies and detachments. Company K (Ranger), 75th Infantry (Airborne), is entitled to the following: Motto: Sua Sponte (of their own accord), Distinctive Insignia: The shield of the coat of arms. The LRP concept had proved successful. As capabilities increased, so to did the length and complexity of the recondo-LRRP missions. November 1967. K/75 participated in a wide variety of missions, both combat and reconnaissance. Served with the unit, or have a question? Date unspecified. An area that often lacked the artillery, aerial, and communications support available to other ranger units. The rational for selecting the 75th Infantry as the parent unit for all Department of the Army authorized Ranger units is/was as follows: Similarity of missions between those missions performed by Merrills Marauders (5307th) and the 75th Infantry Ranger companies in the Republic of Vietnam, and those of the 75th Ranger Regiment operations deep in enemy controlled territory. The Chindits were better trained specifically for the jungle than the Marauders were, but both Chindits and Marauders used regular infantry conscripts who had a minimal amount of jungle warfare training. Copyright 2022, All Rights Reserved, Developed And Managed By ESPL, Operation Francis Marion 4th ID 1st Brigade, Ronald Joseph Bonert, 2nd Bde LRRP, KIA Jun 14, 1967, Daniel Lee Harmon, 2nd Bde LRRP, KIA June 2, 1967, Charles Jackson Britt, 2nd Bde LRRP 1966-67, KIA March 30, 1972, Reunion Group Photos (provided by Les Willie Williams), Eyes Behind the Lines Major James Gebhardt, LRRP (Provisional) 2nd Bde 4th Inf Div VIETNAM Frank Camper, Sitreps 1967 1st Bde Francis Marion, 4th Infantry Division Operation Reports, Feb68-Nov68. Each brigade was authorized a sixty-two member reconnaissance platoon. The result is an extensive and nuanced body of work. Unlike the Chindits and the Marauders of WWII, the GCMAs job was to remain permanently behind enemy lines. Soldiers take cover behind a line of shrubbery as helicopters fly overhead. Wingate believed that small groups of troops (small connoted brigade-size at that time), working in the rear of the enemy, supplied by air and in communication with main force commanders, could tie up enough enemy manpower to aid regular military operations within the theater. The OSS was no less generous to Mao Tse-tung in China, and it also armed the followers of a well-educated Communist and nationalist named Ho Chi Minh in the French colony of Tonkin. 10th Cavalry, for administration and logistics, with operational control at division headquarters. By the end of United States involvement in Vietnam in 1973, Companies A and B of the 75th Infantry Regiment were the only two active duty Ranger/LRRP companies still in existence. Designation also related to the platoon, such as R-29 was a team within 2nd Platoon, and so on. Soldiers gather around a guitar player and sing songs after a long day during Operation Yellowstone. Date unspecified. Numerous training missions stateside and around the globe ensure the 75th Ranger Regiment remains the most proficient and elite light infantry force in the world. A resupply helicopter was able to make it into the LZ around 1000. The K/75 Rangers combated an influx of well-trained and confident North Vietnamese regiments in the tri-border region, as well as dedicated Viet Cong forces. The war in Vietnam presented the American military with a task it was initially not prepared to carry out. The two Ranger advisors set about organizing the movement, redistributing ammunition, and seeing that the dead and wounded were brought along. Companies D and H each had 198 men and Companies M, N, O, and P each had 61 men, since these four units were created from LRP detachments assigned to brigades. Elements were also formalized at each of the three maneuver brigade headquarters; 1st Brigade LRRP, etc. The unit performed Herculean service over an extremely large area of operations. The Special Forces were initially conceived as a GCMA-like guerrilla group. This pattern is not unique to the Vietnam War. In the European theater, Jedburgh units, comprised of two officers and a sergeant radio operator either French, British and/or American were dropped behind enemy lines to train and assist French Resistance forces prior to the Allied landings in Normandy. Hawkeye teams, on the other hand, were used to engage enemy forces rather than strict gathering of intelligence. When acknowledged in popular media, however, military photography is often written off as a public relations mouthpiece for the U.S. military, la Full Metal Jacket. More often that not, teams were deployed to conduct ambushes. In 1944, the Americans formed an LRP group to which Vietnam War LRRPs officially trace their lineage. January 1968. The unit eventually grew to some 15,000 troops, which meant that more than 300 tons of airlifted supplies were required per month. Reunion 2006 Grand Lakes O The Cherokees, OK, Audie Murphy Presidential Medal of Freedom. This history deals with the activities, personnel, and accomplishments of Company K (Ranger), 75th Infantry (Airborne), during the period 1 February 1969 through 10 December 1970, and briefly highlights the history of the units that preceded, and led to the establishment of Company K (Ranger), 75th Infantry (Airborne). Wingate believed that small groups of troops (small connoted brigade-size at that time), working in the rear of the enemy, supplied by air and in communication with main force commanders, could tie up enough enemy manpower to aid regular military operations within the theater. The principal tribes in the South were the Rhade, Jarai, Bahnar, Sedang and Bru. In the 1st Cavalry Division's area of operation, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Vietcong forces struck at Hu, south of Camp Evans. Solders climb a ladder into a Chinook helicopter during Operation Cedar Falls. In the early morning hours of January 31, 1968, the largest battle of the Vietnam War, the Tet Offensive, was launched by 84,000 enemy soldiers across South Vietnam. Although carrying out numerous successful and harrowing long-range patrol missions during 1968, the unit also experienced alarming deficiencies in some operations. Twenty men is a good number to work with, but 15 is better than 20, and at night 10 is better than 15, declared British Brigadier Orde C. Wingate, organizer of the so-called Gideon Force, a fast-moving commando unit that adopted hit-and-run tactics during the North African campaigns early in World War II. Field forces and division-sized elements activated an Infantry Company (LRP). The light of dawn was met with another heavy mortar barrage against the besieged RVN battalion. The Ranger companies deactivated as their parent divisions rotated home from Vietnam. Copyright 2022, All Rights Reserved, Developed And Managed By ESPL, Operation Francis Marion 4th ID 1st Brigade, Ronald Joseph Bonert, 2nd Bde LRRP, KIA Jun 14, 1967, Daniel Lee Harmon, 2nd Bde LRRP, KIA June 2, 1967, Charles Jackson Britt, 2nd Bde LRRP 1966-67, KIA March 30, 1972, Reunion Group Photos (provided by Les Willie Williams), Eyes Behind the Lines Major James Gebhardt, LRRP (Provisional) 2nd Bde 4th Inf Div VIETNAM Frank Camper, Sitreps 1967 1st Bde Francis Marion, 4th Infantry Division Operation Reports, Feb68-Nov68. Tay Ninh. Also of importance to LRRP training at this time were instructors whose military heritage traced to the 2/2 Independent Company of WWII and the Anzac Special Air Service. On June 9, 1972, Sgt. This history deals with the activities, personnel, and accomplishments of Company C (Ranger), 75th infantry during the period 1 February 1969 through October 1971, and Company E (Long Range Patrol) 20th Infantry (Airborne) from 25 September 1967 through 1 February 1969 which preceeded the designation of Company C . Companies A and B were kept stateside as a strategic reserve in case they were needed overseas in Europe or the Americas. It returns to the rolls of active Army regiments a unit having a distinguished combat record and a unique place in the annals of the United States Army. They were created to document operations, equipment, and people, as well as to create a visual record of the conflict. Each company was led by two or three French officers or noncommissioned officers the remainder were native tribesmen. Initially, the recondo (later LRRP) teams located landing zones and screened possible ambush sites ahead of regular units. Private First Class John J. Schult smiles as he reads a letter from home. As the Cold War lengthened in the late 1950s, NATO nations felt there was a need for small units to conduct passive, deep penetration intelligence gathering missions at corps levels and higher. A member of the South Vietnamese Women's Army Corps oversees a sewing class at a prison camp. The LRRPs a small, unheralded, elite force of specialists in guerrilla warfare were an all-volunteer group of soldiers with a minimum of formal training in the skills of covert counterinsurgency operations. Your email address will not be published. Date unspecified. The GCMA tied down 10 battalions of Viet Minh troops, and by the end of the French Indochina War the 5,000 remaining GCMA members were being hunted by 14 Viet Minh battalions. Over the years it has become quite clear that we were actually the elite and some of the best the army had. Only a stoic defense by the fatigued defenders and the advisors bravery repelled the charge. THE HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND ACTIVITIES OF K COMPANY(RANGER), 75TH INFANTRY (AIRBORNE), 4TH INFANTRY DIVISION, REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM During the Vietnam War K Company (RANGER), 75TH Infantry (Airborne). Let the enemy come till hes almost close enough to touch. The 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger) (officially 75th Infantry Regiment or 75th Infantry) was initially a parent regiment for all the US Army Ranger units during the Vietnam War and the early 1980s and then the headquarters for the Ranger battalions. Divisional LRRP units achieved an exemplary record throughout the Vietnam War, and MACV recognized their success by changing their name. Many military strategists of the time, firmly rooted in traditional warfare tactics, disregarded Wingates methods, but the British commando leader pursued the concept nevertheless. The 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger) (officially 75th Infantry Regiment or 75th Infantry) was initially a parent regiment for all the US Army Ranger units during the Vietnam War and the early 1980s and then the headquarters for the Ranger battalions. The Ranger companies in Vietnam were deactivated during the period 1969 to 1972 as the units they were attached to were deactivated or returned to the United States as part of Vietnamization, though Company O (Arctic Ranger), 75th Infantry Regiment would be reactivated in 1970 for duty at Fort Richardson, Alaska, for a short period of time. Necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered. Two of the companies, Company E of the 20th Infantry Regiment) and Company F of the 51st Infantry Regiment, were each nearly twice the authorized strength at 230 soldiers and four reconnaissance platoons. These positions range . With a Come on, partner, lets hat up, Littrell grabbed Dieterle and slowly gathered up the dispersed Rangers. (See To Die Alone in the Silence, by Robert Barr Smith.). The Regiment is headquartered at Fort Benning, Georgia, and comprises one special soldier's Battalion and three ranger battalions. The company headquarters included an extensive communications element that provided dedicated radio-relay teams. We knew exactly where he was coming from through our Long Range Patrol action., Lieutenant General John H. Hays, Jr., who commanded the 1st Infantry Division from February 1967 to March 1968 and went on to become the deputy commanding general of II Field Force, serving until August 1968, said that the LRRPs were generally considered to have the most uncomfortable and dangerous job in Vietnam, but also noted that the way in which the long range patrols were used was one of the most significant innovations of the war.. "Company D (Ranger), 151st Infantry, Indiana Army National Guard arrived in Vietnam in December 1968. Twenty men is a good number to work with, but 15 is better than 20, and at night 10 is better than 15, declared British Brigadier Orde C. Wingate, organizer of the so-called Gideon Force, a fast-moving commando unit that adopted hit-and-run tactics during the North African campaigns early in World War II. North Quang Tri Province. The Special Forces had established the MACV Recondo School there in September 1966 and started training Regular Army unit volunteers in the long-range patrol techniques that it had learned in previous years from its Project Delta experiences. From well-concealed observation posts or as a function of point, area, or route reconnaissance, they were intended to report enemy movements. The Rangers located and identified key enemy forces, interdicted enemy supply networks, base camps, way stations, and storage points; and actively screened and guarded the flanks of regular Infantry operations. Captain William J. Winham prepares to lead his company on a search-and-destroy operation with foliage in his helmet to provide camouflage, and a cigarette. Change). An armored helicopter prepares to land troops in an area where a suspected Viet Cong outpost is located. The regimental-strength Marauders experienced the same difficulties that the Chindits had faced in the terrible climate and topography of the Burmese mountain jungle. On 3 February 1986, the 75th Infantry Regiment (then consisting of Headquarters and Headquarters Company, This page was last edited on 2 February 2023, at 00:08. I served a year in 2nd Platoon ,C Company, 75th Rangers, in Vietnam from 10/70 10/71. Let the enemy come till hes almost close enough to touch. The newly activated ranger company's mission was to proved long range reconnaissance, surveillance, harassment, and target acquisition patrol capability at division level in . The A-Teams patrolled alone as well as with the company-strength Mike (mobile strike) Force units of the CIDG. 1972: Vietnam Photos 20: Ron Holte & Charlie Burckhardt : 1967 & 1969-- -Vietnam Photos 21: Ed Beal: 1969: Vietnam Photos 22: John Butkovich: 1968: Vietnam Photos 23: Clint Voorhees: 1970: Vietnam Photos 24: Tony Lee Griffith courtesy of his niece, Heather Elliott: 1968-69: Vietnam Photos 25: Tony Lee Griffith courtesy of his niece, Heather . The Ranger Regiment is a Special Operations strike force, Ranger School is a training course that teaches tactics and infantry leadership skills. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Although all three groups were organized as large-scale, behind-the-lines forces, the 2/2s jungle-fighting preparation was of a considerably higher quality. Montagnards were favored by most, but some used Vietnamese Rangers, scout dogs or Chieu Hoi scouts. They may be employed in as a quick reaction force or in the form of a meticulously planned, thoroughly rehearsed, deliberate operation. This history deals with the activities, personnel, and accomplishments of Company K (Ranger), 75th Infantry (Airborne), during the period 1 February 1969 through 10 December 1970, and briefly highlights the history of the units that preceded, and led to the establishment of Company K (Ranger), 75th Infantry (Airborne). This page is not available in other languages. These detachments had a total of sixty-one soldiers assigned with a large headquarters section and a single reconnaissance platoon. Find C Company, 75th Infantry (Ranger) unit information, patches, operation history, veteran photos and more on TogetherWeServed.com. Renewed emphasis was placed on the importance of E/58th operations. The long-range penetration principles Wingate had espoused nearly 15 years earlier had finally been convincingly proven effective. Some operated in two-, three- and four-man teams, some 10. The 75th Infantry was reorganized once more on Jan. 1, 1969, as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System . Although an influx of Ranger school graduates in late 1969 improved overall operations, actual school trained ranger and recondo remained scarce. In the Pacific Theater of Operations a cadre of Anzac (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) instructors, together with a small British army training contingent, formed a company out of the Dutch and Australian forces stationed on the island of Timor the 2/2 Independent Company. The operation saw the entire company consolidated and deployed as a unit in a raid on a rear area enemy POW compound. Army Capt. 39th Special Forces Detachment (1952-1984), in Berlin, Germany, a classified unit that conducted unconventional warfare during the cold war. See Max Hastings Inferno: The World at War 1939-1945. GPJ 11/5/19).kept him at odds with the military establishment of his time, but the successes of the Gideon Force against the Italians in Sudan and Ethiopia proved to many that the concept of a lightweight force worked. The extended nature of the 4th Infantry Division operations required the recondo-LRRP teams to operate routinely at far greater distances from supporting units than other LRRP units in Vietnam. Teams operated close to main enemy supply lines and staging areas, conducting a wide variety of long-range remote-area missions. Gas mask-clad soldiers stay low to the ground as they prepare for combat. Chu Lai. Your email address will not be published. Each company had a total of 118 soldiers assigned with a headquarters section and two reconnaissance platoons with eight six-man patrols. January 1966. During the Vietnam War, Company H, 75th Infantry was reactivated and served as a LRRP unit during the war, becoming the longest serving in LRP/Ranger history and the most decorated. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Carrying the most seriously wounded one on his back, Littrell ended up dragging the other two behind him and across the Dak Poko River as they held on to his web gear and were led to safety by Littrell with the remainder of the battalion. GPJ, 11-5-19), As the Chindits slogged their way through the tortuous terrain of Southeast Asia, the British army started forming independent raiding companies, forerunners to the British Commandos, immediately after Germany overwhelmed France in the spring of 1940. The typical unit consisted of 118 men 115 enlisted and three officers divided into two platoons of six- to eight-man teams, with the remainder being support people. Some companies used a tracker. It provides the 75th Ranger Regiment and the United States Army with a common regimental designation identifying an uncommon skill. Despite these dangers and difficulties, Company K and its predecessor LRP units rendered significant military service to the II Corps Tactical Zone and the 4th Infantry Division, K/75 Rangers served as a vital force multiplier in a wide-ranging area of operations. Date unspecified. Nha Trang would eventually become the Special Forces main base, and the commando school would later be used to train LRRPs. The LRP/LRRP companies would be designated from then on as companies C through I and K through P, 75th Infantry Rangers. Eighty-two of the missions resulted in direct contact with the enemy, resulting in ninety NVA/VC soldiers killed by direct team fire. Members of E/58th continued to perform valuable LRP support for the 4th Division, until it was replaced by Company K (Ranger), 75th Infantry (Airborne), February 1, 1969. During June of 1967, MG Peers formalized the provisional 4th Infantry Division Recondo Detachment to supplement the brigade recondo resources. Photographer Ted Acheson questions a Vietnamese family whose home was destroyed. This website has been created to remember, honor and recognize the efforts of the men of the Vietnam Era 4th Infantry Division Special Ops, including but not limited to LRRP, LRP, Rangers, Recon. The idea for both units came from the Special Operations Executive (SOE), Britains version of the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the forerunner of todays Central Intelligence Agency. The numbers varied widely from units with as few as about 60 men to as many as 230 as did the company makeup, the length of missions and the size of teams. Rangers were again called to serve their country during the Vietnam War. Commissioned Officer codes were numerical; four digits indicated MOS (e.g., 1542, Infantry Officer) and an optional one digit SQI prefix indicated a special qualification (e.g., 71542, Jump-qualified Infantry Officer). Merrill himself was evacuated twice, once for heart problems and once for malaria, and the rigors of moving a large force through the Burmese terrain severely debilitated his troops. In the rare cases where they were published or broadcast, the photographers were rarely credited. During the Vietnam War, for example, photographs and footage brought the conflict home to the American people. As part of the Department of the Armys and MACVs move toward a more formalized LRRP structure, the provisional division force was activated as Company E, 58th Infantry (Long Range Patrol), December 20, 1967. The Montagnard tribes in South Vietnam five main groups of 500,000 to 700,000 people each contained some 20 distinct ethno-linguistic elements. Wingates Raiders more commonly known as Chindits put his theory into practice during their operations against the Japanese in northern Burma in 1943. E/58th, under the direction of the new division commander, MG Charles P. Stone (January 1968), attempted a program that integrated South Vietnamese Army personnel with each team. Under MG Walker, the emphasis on combat missions increased. That included the Battle of Dak To, for the Long Range Patrols completely uncovered the enemy movement. And if you liked this post, be sure to check out these popular posts: History is not a fixed set of facts. In an effort to link unit mission and unit heritage for such elite forces, the Department of the Army chose to redesignate existing long range patrol units as Ranger units and resurrect the heritage of the World War II long range penetration units, Merrills Marauders, in 1969. Given how large the canon of Vietnam War photojournalism is and the level of infamy much of it has achieved, it may be surprising to learn that a wellspring of Vietnam War photos from a source other than photojournalists has been largely ignored: the works of military photographers. This structure gave the Recondo Detachment helicopter support and backup from the 10th Cavalrys Troop D, Aero-Rifle Platoon. Brigade-level teams encountered similar operational ranges, but encountered more trouble securing radio-relay aircraft. In five months, British forces killed an estimated 2,700 Viet Minh while suffering minimal casualties. During operation FRANCIS MARION, April 6 to October 11, 1967, 4th Division recondo-LRRP elements proved their worth. The British Gurkhas Nepalese troops who were excellent irregular jungle fighters in their own right of the 20th Indian Division, together with rearmed Japanese troops, decimated a Viet Minh nationalist force that had tried to assume power in the absence of any occupation force organized by its former French colonizers. North Vietnamese POWs leap out of boats upon their release from captivity and are greeted by military personnel. The newly activated ranger companys mission was to proved long range reconnaissance, surveillance, harassment, and target acquisition patrol capability at division level in support of division operations. E COMPANY (LRP) 20TH INFANTRY (A) & C COMPANY (RGR) 75TH INFANTRY (A) IFFV. Shocking images such as Nick Ut's "Napalm Girl" and Eddie Adams' "Saigon Execution" have become synonymous with the widespread outrage and disapproval of the war in the United States. The brigade elements became fully operational during the first week of April, 1967, and participated in 4th Division operation FRANCIS MARION. The war began when the Viet Minh attacked the Gurkhas at a village called Tan Son Nhut and ended when the British handed the country back to the French in early 1946. Soldiers load into a Chinook helicopter as they prepare to be airlifted to their next position. The GCMA saga ended in a July 1954 cease-fire between the French and the Viet Minh. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. The Chindits and Marauders tended to maintain the regimental size of their units rather than disperse into smaller operational groups as the 2/2 Independent Company did. The American 5th Special Forces Group in Vietnam took the lessons learned by the GCMA and the WWII guerrilla units, refined the techniques and put together a highly successful military operation. The lightening bolt is symbolic of the strike characteristics of the behind-the-line activities of the unit. Using marching orders that are still issued to U.S. Army Rangers today, the original Rogers Rangers were successful in their harassment of the French along the Hudson River because they adopted the Indian skills of stealthy approach, ambush and woodcraft during their raids. He earned the Medal of Honor while doing so, but to receive it, he had to survive nearly two brutal years in captivity. 1st Lieutenant Jerry M. Davis. Setting ambushes, snatches (kidnappings), sniping, stay behinds (remaining on firebases after U.S. troops evacuated from them), on-ground photography and bomb damage assessment were all part of the LRRP repertoire. I Company 75th Rangers. Only Three Americans were killed. Directing the fight through two ambushes, the Americans continued to lead, cajole, and drag the ARVN soldiers along. On the morning of November 26, 1970, MG William A. Burke (assumed command of 4th ID in July 1970), mustered the Rangers for a final review and decorations ceremony. K/75th was authorized a fifty-three man company headquarters and three patrol platoons. F/51 was credited with 48 enemy KIAs, 26 probable KIAs and 18 POWs all while suffering no losses of its own. Its large area of operations caused K/75 Rangers to consistently cover more territory and shoulder greater reconnaissance responsibilities, over a wider area, than most other division ranger companies in Vietnam. Photographs, and visual media generally, play an especially important role in this process of shaping collective memory of an event. The 199th exploited F/51s enemy contacts with reaction forces 10 times. Company K (Ranger), 75th Infantry (Airborne), was initially activated under the command of Captain Reuben H. Siverling, using existing assets and personnel of E/58th. On February 1st, 1969, Company E (Long Range Patrol), 58th Infantry, was redesignated Company K (Ranger), 75th Infantry (Airborne), as part of this effort. Wingates mercurial personality (later histories would call him at best mentally unstable. Each team completed a ten-day course to learn mutual signaling and survival skills. During the Vietnam War, they received campaign participation streamers for every campaign in the war.[1]. Special recondo countermeasures patrols were formed to eliminate enemy couriers, officers, or sentries in surveillance areas. The last French troops left the area in April 1956. As would happen again and again in future wars, those irregulars were laughed at and virtually ignored by the conventional military early in the conflict. Long Khank Province. One of Major General Peers last acts before departing the division was elevating his provisional recondo-hawkeye forces to the status of an official long-range patrol company.
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