Hallmarks reassure a buyer of the quality and purity of the metal, identifying who made the piece, where and when. GW D Have a look at your piece of jewellery. G S is Gerald Sheehan, Chief Executive, Royal Mint, Bookmark, clock, place card holder, spoon, Baby's rattle, box, manicure set, spoon, toast rack, Bosun's whistle, box, buckle, butter dish, candlestick, card case, chalice, cigar case, condiments, decanter label, flatware, fruit knife, glass holder, knife rest, napkin ring, pickle fork, spectacles, sauce boat, tea caddy, tea service, toast rack, vesta, vinaigrette, whistle, Anointing spoon, bowl, box, button hook, frame, manicure set, napkin clip, pencil holder, pepperette, stamp case, vase, Box, cigarette case, napkin ring, spoon, vase, Butter knife, card case, fruit knife, vinaigrette, Box, cigarette case, dish, napkin ring, souvenir spoon, vesta, Ash tray, bowl, box, brush, condiments set, frame, matchbox holder, napkin ring, nutcracker, salt, strainer, trivet, Ash tray, belt, buckle, ink syand, menu holder, paper holder, pincushion, seal, shaving mug, souvenir spoon. Learn more about gold hallmarks. What are jewelry hallmarks? These are traditional standard marks that can still be used today. Pinterest. The new date punches were used from the first hallmarking day in October. In 1999 changes were made to the Hallmarking Act 1973 and subsequently the import mark was removed. 2023 assay office birmingham |Terms and Conditions|Privacy Policy |Company Information|Site map. This petition was successful and the Birmingham and Antique Jewelry University is a treasure house of information on jewelry and its history, including hallmarks. Hallmark on . } Birmingham, England (1773 - Present) Birmingham Date Letters: 1773 - 1924 & Maker's Marks Chester, England (1701 - 1962) Chester Date Letters: 1701 - 1925 & Maker's Marks Exeter, England (1701 - 1883) Exeter Date Letters: 1701 - 1883 & Maker's Marks Newcastle, England (1702 - 1884) Newcastle Date Letters: 1702 - 1884 & Maker's Marks 1 gram for Palladium. These stamps are typically made up of the manufacturers initials, name, or another unique representative symbol. Junior Army & Navy Stores (probably) (1908..1911) Jackson Brothers (probably) 1893. Metal Wace (c. 1110 - after 1174) was the first to mention the legend of King Arthur's Round Table. Image Gallery; Videos ; Select Page. Where? The figure of Britannia was used from December 1784 to July 1785 to indicate repayment. LL LF HN url = '/react.php?id='+id+'&value='+value; B S 999 - 24K = 99.9% gold. HE Debbie Barnard. During this period a variable tax was levied on all silver and gold assayed in Great Britain. The excise duty on gold and silver articles was collected by the assay offices and the mark was struck to show that it had been paid. It means a safer working environment for small-scale miners, a fair price and an additional amount for business or community projects. The same letters were used for Gold, which has been marked in Birmingham since 1824, but with a background of a square with cut corners. HW }); HY N } This page of Birmingham Maker's Marks is organized alphabetically by the first letter in the mark. The shield design around the Assay Office mark may vary according to whether the article is gold, silver or platinum. Much like gold jewelry maintains a relatively straightforward identification process for karat content, so does silver. Edinburgh Hallmarks . A true hallmark is a guarantee of an independent body or authority that the contents of the noble metal are true Birmingham Maker's Marks Menu This page of Birmingham Maker's Marks is organized alphabetically by the first letter in the mark. The mark commemorated the golden jubilee of the 1916 Rising. Incorporated into Payton, Pepper & Co Ltd in 1929. It was struck from 2ndDecember 1784 to 30thApril 1890. L& Mark Maker Dates seen Seen on . Please note that after May 25th and the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulations, we are limited in the information we can share on 20th and 21st Century makers, and it may not be possible to provide an identification in all cases. 375 - 9 carat gold. If a mark illustrated here matches one you are researching, there is a . GX The Goldsmiths' Company Assay Office is where hallmarking began, and we have been testing and hallmarking precious metals for over 700 years. Also called 'Trademarks,' they often provide the only evidence that a certain piece of jewelry has indeed been manufactured by a certain jewelry maker. Until 1819 only city mark, date letter and maker's mark. HS If it was made in a country that adheres to the Convention on the Control and Marking of Articles of Precious Metals (otherwise known as the Common Control Mark), you should find a set of hallmarks / stamps. { note - Many British makers' marks, especially in the 18th & earlier 19th centuries, are nearly identical. Other hallmarks, like commemorative or duty marks, can also provide clueswhich help you date your object. Pinterest. This symbol shows which Assay Office tested and marked the item. And did those feet in ancient time.Walk upon England's mountains green:And was the holy Lamb of God,On England's pleasant pastures seen! LK Guarantees provenance by telling us, as a minimum legal requirement, where the piece was hallmarked, what the article is made from, and who sent the article for hallmarking. GI There may be some variations in backgrounds during the late 19th century, especially on watch cases. |Birmingham Index Page|, Watchmaker & jeweller, Market Street, Manchester, Cigarette case, flatware, napkin ring, tea strainer, Probably either Harrod's Stores Ltd or HSamuel Ltd, Box, frame, inkwell, jar lid, perfume bottle. Silver Makers' Marks - Birmingham Assay Office (L) L& LA LB LC LD LE LF LG LH LJ LK LL LO LP LR LS LT LV LW. Note at centre of the image at right the four elements of the hallmark. H W. Goldsmiths' Hall, Gutter Lane, London EC2V 8AQ, hallmarks dating pre-1919 or to carry our your own research -, Consists of a series of marks applied to articles of the precious metals platinum, gold, palladium and silver, Means that the article has been independently tested, Guarantees that it conforms to all legal standards of purity (fineness). V Converted Wristwatches - Transitional? }); UNITED KINGDOM. And did the Countenance Divine,Shine forth upon our clouded hills?And was Jerusalem builded here,Among these dark Satanic Mills? . Menu. DATE LETTERS 1773 TO 2021 The date letters below show the background shape for silver The same letters were used for Gold which has been marked in Birmingham since 124 but with a background of a square with cut corners. Please note, appointments are by prior arrangement only. Commemorative Marks Special hallmarks which celebrate major events. The letter "k" refers to karats, where pure gold is composed of 24 karats (24k). The next mark we see is a Crown or Gold Standard Mark. Birmingham Hallmarks. GP Silver was required to be assayed before sale but the nearest assay offices were either London or Chester. Birmingham Assay Office was founded in 1773 to provide assaying (testing) and hallmarking of precious metal items (gold, silver, platinum and palladium) as required by the Hallmarking Act. HD If a mark illustrated here matches one you are researching, there is a . Silver Makers' Marks - Birmingham Assay Office (W) . . Conversely, convention hallmarks that have been applied in other member countries are recognised in the UK. Prior to 1998, a hallmark consisted of four compulsory marks the makers mark, the metal purity, the assay office responsible for carrying out the testing and hallmarking, and the date mark. HK Since 1999 the date letter has been a voluntary mark and therefore will not always be present. Sign up. Our Popular Pages. Two examples are shown below. Silver was required to be assayed before sale but the Home; Birmingham; Chester; Dublin; Edinburgh; Exeter; Glasgow, Assay Office HM Mark Maker Dates seen Seen on Comments Hockley Mint 2018 Platinum diamond set ring Casting House Hockley Mint (post 2010) 2019 Palladium diamond set ring Casting House HS Mark Maker Dates seen Seen on Comments H. Samuels Ltd 1965 2019 High Street Retailer. Antieke eetgerei. GO GU In Dublin the Sovereigns Head Duty Mark was used from 1807 and in Glasgow from 1819. The anchor Since 1972 the UK has been part of the International Convention of Hallmarks, which helped to standardise gold hallmarks around the world. HX Gold ring William Maguires (probably) 1903..1905 (registered Oct 1887) Novelty cigar & cigarette cases "Pencil case maker" William Manton 1903..1930 (registered Nov 1895) Cigarette holder case, spoon, stamp case Vyse Street, Birmingham (N.B. You may recognize the fineness gradation in carats the commonly used standards are 9ct, 14ct, 18ct, and 22ct. LV The town marks most often seen on English watches are the leopard's head of London, an anchor for the Birmingham assay office, and a sword between three wheat sheaves for the Chester assay office, most used by Liverpool watchmakers. The 'Standard' mark is the purity or fineness in parts per thousandth . JEWELRY MARKS. GC Gold Hallmarks. William H. Manton known as Birmingham Gold & Silversmiths Ltd Birmingham 1983 hallmark W.M William Mann London 1859 hallmark WM over AM not identified Glasgow 1827 hallmark W.M.Co or W M Co into three circles Wilmott Manufacturing Co Birmingham 1920 hallmark Birmingham 1934 hallmark This shows the fineness of the metal ie purity of the precious metal content in parts per 1000 in relation to the standard recognised in the UK. J HU New product: Leather and Sterling Alberts, Bocks and Rams: IWC and Stauffer Trademarks. A different version of this mark registered Oct1913 (seen 1914): Bowl, box, caddy spoon, cheese scoop, condiment set, decanter label, dish, grape scissors, ladle, menu holder, salver, sauce boat, teething ring pendant, Box, button hook, cigar lighter, creamer, ink well, jar lid, menu holder, napkin ring, pincushion, salt, spoon, table lighter, whistle, Box, caster, cigar & cigarette cases, claret jug, cup, epergne, locket, menu holder, mustard, napkin ring, salt, sauce boat, vesta, Chatelaine clip, scent bottle, thimble bucket, watch chain, wax seal, whistle, Basket, belt, bookmark, box, brush, buckle, candlestick, card case, caster, cigarette case, compact, desk bell, fob medal, frame, inkwell, jar lid, knife rest, manicure set, matchbook holder, match striker, mustard, napkin ring, pepperette, presentation trowel, rattle, sovereign case, spoon, tea caddy, thimble, tray, trophy, vesta. Make sure your marks match the official UK hallmarks. Mark Maker Dates seen Seen on Comments Gervase Wheeler 1832..1839 (registered Jul 1831) Decanter label, fork, knife, vinaigrette St Paul's Square, Birmingham (image courtesy of www.dartsilverltd.co.uk) G W 1888 Scent bottle G W 1905 Cigarette case G W 1997 Menu holder G W Aldridge 1921..1923 This shows the fineness of the metal - ie purity of the precious metal content in parts per 1000 in relation to the standard recognised in the UK. Please note, appointments are by prior arrangement only. GN H E Special hallmarks which celebrate major events. The Birmingham goldsmiths and their marks from the establishment of their assay office in 1773-Tables of marks arranged in cycles from 1773 to J92I-Supplementary list of makers' marks-List of names of goldsmiths entered at the Birmingham assay office arranged chronologically from 1773 to J850 400-419 CHAPTER XVII. GM HZ, |Home LO They can also tell you when a piece was made. This is an open ended project, new marks are continually added. OTHER MARKS Duty Marks. Hallmarks should answer three important questions: where, what and who. The first mark we see is the makers mark, telling us who manufactured the item (in this instance, H Samuel). 917 - 22K = 91.7% gold. 8am to 10pm - 7 days a week. However, at London assay office, the mark is still applied as standard unless otherwise requested. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. *The hallmark guarantees that the purity of the metal is at least that indicated by the fineness number. Because of the difficulty of making very small cameo punches with fancy details on the nose which form the surround, different (simpler) shapes were often used for small items and watch cases. ATG's report of the case. LA The aim of this web site is to provide an aid in the identification of British, Irish and other foreign countrys Gold, platinum and occasionally palladium and silver makers marks that are seen on jewellery today. Bring me my Bow of burning gold;Bring me my Arrows of desire:Bring me my Spear: O clouds unfold!Bring me my Chariot of fire! In Dublin the Sovereigns Head Duty Mark was used from 1807 and in Glasgow from 1819. Lang Antiques - 309 Sutter Street - San Francisco, CA . |Back to Top The likely gold purity hallmark numbers you should see would be as follows: 999 - Pure, 24 carat gold. For a General Guide to British Hallmarks please see Hallmarking in Great Britain Here. These antique silver hallmarks are useful in 2008-01-04 If you require more help in identifying a gold hallmark, try our gold hallmark identification wizard. HM Library visitors may book appointments to research hallmarks dating pre-1919 or to carry our your own research - email library@thegoldsmiths.co.uk. GK Collectors will often place a premium on silver hallmarked in other regional centres which have since closed. |Back to Top INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION MARKS $('.h-btn').on('click', function(e) { The Standard Mark. Gold hallmarks offer owners an indication of the amount of gold contained in an item. as an introduction to guide you in yourscrutiny and tracing of hallmarks. (Be carefulwhen looking at plated articles as theyoften have stamps resembling hallmarks. letter was changed. GJ Since 1972 the UK has been a signatory to the international convention on hallmarks. This mark is exactly what it says, as it states the city in which the item was manufactured. R Articles weighing less than 1 gram are exempt. ), Example sponsors' marks in differing shield shapes, Townmark - this style leopard appeared 1756 - 1821. If your gold is inscribed with the 375 hallmark, it means that it is 37.5 per cent pure, or 9 karat gold for short. This is an open ended project, new marks are continually added. The Fairtrade Stamp is applied by the Assay Office to articles made from Fairtrade Precious Metals. The symbols give the following information: This is the unique mark of the company or person responsible for sending the article for hallmarking. Library visitors may book appointments to research hallmarks dating pre-1919 or to carry our your own research - email library@thegoldsmiths.co.uk. For example 750 parts per 1000 by weight is equivalent to the old 18 carat gold standard. LG PLEASE NOTE OTHER SPELLINGS, JEWELLERY, JEWELERY, JEWELEREY, AND JEWELLEREY. During this period a variable tax was levied on all silver and gold assayed in Great Britain. nearest assay offices were either London or Chester. Traditionally, common control marks consisted of four punches: maker or sponsor mark, proportion of precious metal or fineness mark, assay office and the year of testing. Birmingham and Sheffield petitioned Parliament to be allowed to establish assay The four still in operation in the United Kingdom are London, Edinburgh, Sheffield, and Birmingham, and one in Dublin. Sarasota Antique Buyers are experts and will help identify your Antique Sterling Silver, Gold and other hallmarked antiques. The assay office mark identifies in which one of the Goldsmiths Halls the article was tested and marked. str = $(this).attr('id'); This page of Birmingham Maker's Marks is organized alphabetically by the first letter in the mark. There are four assay offices still in operation in the UK: London, Birmingham, Edinburgh and Sheffield. Sheffield Hallmarks. The crowned Leopard's Head was used from 1478 - 1822. George Snook & Charles Berkeley trading as George Snook & Co, thimble manufacturers, Commemorative items produced by the Royal Mint: candle snuffer, coaster, ladle, quaich. 2022-06-22 Gold-Traders has compiled a gold hallmark identification wizard to help decipher the markings that are stamped on your item.. Have a look at your piece of jewellery. HF M HG The Edinburgh Assay Office hallmarking year ran from the start of October to September the following year. a serial forger was jailed in 2008 for the faking and forging of antique silver makers' marks. The Assay Office marks for gold would be in a Square shield with chamfered corners and in a blunt oval for silver. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); function react(obj,id, value) { The duty on items that were exported was refunded. York Date Letters: 1559 - 1885 & Maker's Marks, Dublin Date Letters: 1700 - 1920 & Maker's Marks. Following a ruling of the European Court of Justice the UK is required to accept national hallmarks of member states who provide an equivalent guarantee. LB . When researching British Hallmarks, if you are unable to find a complete set of hallmarks including Standard Mark, City Mark, Date Letter and Maker's Mark plus a Duty Mark (if made between 1785 - 1890) chances are the "vessel" is not from England's green and pleasant Land, but a mariner from another country. The uncrowned Leopard's Head from 1822 - Present. $(obj).find('span').text(response); This was first introduced in 1798 and can now been seen on all UK hallmarked gold thats 9, 14 18 and 22ct. The Hallmarking Act of 1973 brought the remaining 4 British Assay Offices (London, What is HUID? This is an open ended project, new marks are continually added. Louis & Alfred Orlick trading as L & A Orlick, tobacconists & fancy goods importers, Box, caddy spoon, decanter label, purse, vinaigrette, Box, caddy spoon, fish knife, vinaigrette, A similar mark registered Apr1813 by Lawrence & Co, Flask, purse, sovereign case, vesta, whistle, Box, bowl, buckle, button, cigarette case, coaster, Cymric ware, dressing table set, flatware, frame, inkwell, knife rest, matchbox cover, napkin ring, salver, spoon, tea & coffee service, tea caddy, toast rack, vase, vesta, Ash tray, caster, mug, napkin ring, spoon, tazza. HT The Glasgow Assay Office hallmarking year ran from 1st July to 30th June. 935 Silver. GY X *The hallmark guarantees that the purity of the metal is at least that indicated by the fineness number. Jewelry Makers Marks Silver. Regional Hallmarking Centres. City Marks. 2023 assay office birmingham |Terms and Conditions|Privacy Policy |Company Information|Site map. Read the What is a Hallmark? In 1999 changes were made to the Hallmarking Act 1973 and subsequently the Import Mark was removed. In 1867 the Foreign Mark was added. Maker's Marks; Hallmarks; MEDIA. Identifying this mark is the first step in determining the value of a piece of jewelry. DATE LETTERS - 1773 TO 2021. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. The shapes surrounding date letters on gold may different from those on silver, particularly if they are London Assay Office hallmarks. The Assay Office can assist with more recent London hallmarks. pioneer woman sausage egg cheese casserole; did jake and lady rainicorn break up; outdoor gourmet gas and griddle combo cover. Indicates how many percentages of precious metal used in making the jewelry maker town name ) and Mexican more see. . Birmingham and Edinburgh. From 1842 it was illegal to sell imported gold or silver in the UK unless it was assayed (tested) at a British office. Until 1998, a Hallmark consisted of four COMPULSORY MARKS. Today. Is needed to use and invaluable for identifying jewelry from the end Gold hallmarks date letters Today there are four UK assay offices: Birmingham, Edinburgh, London and Sheffield. From 1842 it was illegal to sell imported gold or silver in the UK unless it was assayed (tested) at a British office. 417 - 10K = 41.7% gold. We have the maker's mark - C | M | P i am guessing the crown i can see 916 - the 22 ct mark it looks like the Birmingham anchor on its side. (column) in the table below to see a larger view (scroll down for earlier dates): A There are far too many to list here, but some common symbols include: The Leopards Head- London, England. In 1973 a new act of parliament was passed to simplify and regulate hallmarks on gold in Britain, this act came into force 1 January 1975. 2020-02-13 The Duty Mark. The date mark is no longer compulsory. 585 - 14 carat gold. LR https://goldmakersmarks.co.uk/. NO REPRODUCTIONS PERMITTED WITHOUT PERMISSION |. In Birmingham the date letter changes in July up to 1974. T BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ILLUSTRATED LISTING OF MAKER'S AND SPONSOR'S MARKS: BH. Scrap Gold ~ Sell My Gold ~ Scrap Gold Price Per Gram ~ Scrap Silver Price ~ Scrap Platinum Price ~ Gold Jewellery ~ Sell Gold Jewellery ~ Value Gold Coins ~ Sell My Gold Watch ~ Sell Gold Bars. Birmingham Hallmarks 2021-09-24 A hallmark is a series of stamps applied to items made from precious metals such as platinum, gold and silver. During this period a variable tax was levied on all silver and gold assayed in Great Britain. {note - Many British makers' marks, especially in the 18th & earlier 19th centuries, are nearly identical. LC The alloy must be at least 750 parts per 1000 to be marked as such. Today . From 1904 the carat value of gold was also shown and for silver the decimal value of the standard was used. You need to create an account, or login before you can add this item to your basket. This means that UK Assay Offices can apply the common control mark which will then be recognised by all member countries in the convention. Birmingham, Sheffield and Edinburgh) into line with each other with the date letter now supposedly as a result of the delegations meeting at a public house in London called The duty mark was only used between 1784 and 1890. (also known as Birmingham Gold & Silversmiths Ltd) 1976 (entered Mar 1974) The makers mark shows who is responsible for the jewelry piece. The 'Sponsor' mark is the maker, refiner, or manufacturer. Q Hallmarks; MEDIA. What's here tells me that its 9 carat gold, Birmingham and from . It should be noted that the head did not always change with the Monarch! HC HB Maker's marks are the initials or name of the manufacturing firm or other representative symbol stamped into a gold , silver or platinum item. The Birmingham Assay Office has excellent information on early English gold marks. The UK Hallmarking Act (1973) updated the law for the modern era, and requires all gold items over one gram (1g) to be hallmarked. Click on the letter you want to date or on a date letter cycle Jewellery, Watch and Silverware Valuations, Assay Office Birmingham - Statutory History, Featured Items from the Silver Collection. 750 - 18 carat gold. 2020-10-01 Can anyone lend a hand with this one. The new wardens were elected on Michaelmas day, 29 September. Jewelry Maker's Marks Identification Guide - Gold Stamp List trend jewelry.ha.com. Partnership dissolved 1899 and business continued by Albert Jackson as sole trader (see AJ mark) J N S. 1973. LT The Goldsmiths' Company Library can help you identify a wide range of historic hallmarks. An archive of precious metal makers' marks. HR The Assay Office marks for gold would be in a Square shield with chamfered corners and in a blunt oval for silver. Common Gold A hallmark is an official mark or collection of marks created for consumer protection and to guarantee the purity or fineness of the tested items made of precious metals. The next mark we see is a Crown or Gold Standard Mark. It is an item on the forum but i didn't want to clog the page up with my questions. Wace (c. 1110 - after 1174) was the first to mention the legend of. When researching British Hallmarks, if you are unable to find a complete set of hallmarks including Standard Mark, City Mark, Date Letter and Maker's Mark plus a Duty Mark (if made between 1785 - 1890) chances are the "vessel" is not from England's green and pleasant Land, but a mariner from another double s reno barrel saddle; main ethnic groups in oceania. 2023 assay office birmingham |Terms and Conditions|Privacy Policy |Company Information|Site map. F 585 - 14k = 58.5% gold. C The Anchor is the symbol of Assay Office Birmingham . Jewelry Identification. HQ A silver or gold object that is to be sold commercially is, in most countries, stamped with one or more hallmarks indicating the purity of the metal and the mark of the manufacturer or silversmith. Sheffield Hallmarks. 2021-03-11 Sometimes fineness of gold is marked as 375, 585, 750, 916, or 999, stating the number of gold parts per thousand. 1 gram for Gold. A Maker's Mark is a unique stamp placed on jewelry and watches to ensure the authenticity of the manufacturer. When Henry retired (1869) was succeeded by . The alloy must be at least 750 parts per 1000 to be marked as such. To go to my full page about British hallmarks click on this link: British hallmarking. Detailed image of hallmark far right. GB Back to the top of the page. In 1867 the Foreign Mark was added. GF Explore. Remember ahallmark: The sponsors' mark indicates either the manufacturer or person who sent the article for hallmarking. This tells you where the object was hallmarked. Copyright David Boettcher 2005 - 2023 all rights reserved. English goldsmiths and their marks: a history of the goldsmiths and plateworkers of England, Scotland, and Ireland; with over eleven thousand marks, reproduced in facsimile from authentic examples of plate, and tables of date-letters and other hall-marks employed in the assay offices of the United Kingdom by Jackson, Charles James, Sir, 1849-1923 success: function(response) { The same letters were used for Gold, which has been marked in Birmingham since 1824, but with a background of a square with cut corners. Silver Makers' Marks - Birmingham Assay Office (R) R& RA RB RC RD RE RF RG RH RI RJ RK RL RM RN RO RP RQ RR RS RT RU RV RW RX RY RZ. Hallmarks reassure a buyer of the quality and purity of the metal, identifying who made the piece, where and when. From 1904 the carat value of gold was also shown and for silver the decimal value of the standard was used. HP The act governs hallmarks of the four remaining assay offices, London, Edinburgh, Birmingham and Sheffield. Mark also seen with Frankau's AF&Co mark 1898 Bannister Brothers 1927 Cigarette case Manufacturing & wholesale jewellers, Hockley Hill, Birmingham; Booth & Biggs Ltd 1899 (registered Apr 1893) Watch chain T-bar Makers of "ladies' gold and silver alberts, rings, studs, &c", Northampton Street, Birmingham; B B Ltd 1948..1954 window.open(url, "_blank"); The quality of the original pictures will vary greatly. When Queen Victoria took the throne, the mark was changed to the Queens head. This mark must be registered with the Spanish Office of Patents and Marks. The business of manufacturing and wholesale jewellers was commenced by Barnet Henry Joseph and his brother Henry Joseph in 1865 in Birmingham. Oct 4, 2015 - Birmingham Hallmarks, Makers' Marks & Date Letters on Antique Sterling - Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks.
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