The Age of Louis XIV: (the "Sun King") Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. ~alliance w/ Electors of Brandenburg+ Saxony = Victory and reversed war, and brought new mobility to change tactics, ~ Battle of Lutzen: Adolphus dies, Deep religious motivation, greed and political gain real forces in War. Nw-> Euro: tomatoes ,potatoes, corn, chocolate, Syphilis (increased population w/ nutrition) -- L'etat, c'est moi! - Fronde(s) made him distrust nobility -> gov. of. The Renaissance and Reformation paved the way for the new science and philosophy of the 17c and 18c. -- Parliament now reigned supreme. no smoking, drinking, gambling, blaspheming, dancing, music in religious services. Peace of Utrecht 1713, ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. Year(t)Cashflow1$800290031,00041,50052,000\begin{array}{cc} 1600s-Dutch East India Company (banking+ shipping The Dutch had a strong navy, and they were able to control the shipping routes through the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, which allowed them to establish a lucrative trade network that stretched across Europe and beyond. Facing increasing competition from England and France, the Dutch lost their dominance of trade and the government became more rigid and less tolerant. D. Martin Luther's 95 Theses. The Union of Utrecht (Dutch language: Unie van Utrecht ) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain. - decreases taxes for nobility this new-found wealth. [citation needed], On 2 January 1710, king Louis XIV of France agreed to commence peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg[es]. The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a European conflict triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, in 1700. -Austria gets former Spanish Netherlands : D. scientific method --> experimentation; observation; hypothesis. https://www.britannica.com/topic/treaties-of-Utrecht, Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage - The Treaty of Utrecht. existing social and political structures. In this system, diplomacy became a major component of the relations among states. Another enduring result was the creation of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty, which still reigns over Spain up to the present day whilst the French branch of the House of Bourbon has long since been dethroned. A. Salvation by faith alone. -- firm and uniform administration (intendants) The Enlightenment had its origins in the scientific and intellectual revolutions of the 17c. - November 1640: Parliament called back LONG PARLIAMENT king opponents dominated Parliament and pass laws to curtail king The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Mnster and Osnabrck. Spain under Philip V signed separate peace treaties with Savoy and Great Britain at Utrecht on 13 July. F. Great Peasant Revolt of 1520. The war was very expensive and bloody and finally stalemated. -Ferdinand's army defeats Frederick at Battle of White Mountain, Preconditions: Germany as a fragment country of 360 sovereignty political entities ( Peace of Augsburg) Instead, the States General was the legislative body, which was made up of nobles. In the treaty with the Dutch, France agreed that the United Provinces should annex part of Gelderland and should retain certain barrier fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands. . A. monarchies resented the Church for not paying any taxes to the nation, but collecting taxes . -Duke of Alva sent to end rebellion -April 1640: Charles forced to call Parliament (needs $ fight Scots) -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite -fortified cities forbidden in earlier movement w/ Richelieu 2. These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old Louis XV as his great-grandfather's heir. Be sure to use parentheses as needed. A third treaty at Baden, Switzerland, was required to end the hostilities between France and the Holy Roman Empire . -Peace of Nystadt (1721): -- monopolies abroad (ex: French East India Company) [4], France and Great Britain had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in London. The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the Asiento de Negros; as historian G.M. ~nobility serve the army and the state The main treaties of peace followed on 11 April 1713. -gov't imposed Serf Labor forces -States General handled foreign affairs 49. A. -peasants in 25 year stints of service Paternalistic & brutally used for labor. [22] The French portion of Saint Kitts in the West Indies was also ceded in its entirety to Britain. -Desired Spain to be a major power (economy dependent on imports of gold, silver+ goods) -> set off inflation Apr 13, 1598 . -Estonia, much of present day Latvia ceded to Russia -- became unpopular because of his open Catholicism and return to absolute rule. The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. Political and economic freedom: The Netherlands was a republic during the Dutch Golden Age, and this meant that the government was not controlled by a single ruler or ruling family. -Britain Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine Smallpox infects natives and kills off almost 40%. ~1566: Calvinists rampage destruction at forms of religion 5 Major Powers: E. Development of the Domestic System: Parliament (** see your notes for further details **) d. Tags: Question 3. B. Louis XIII (1616-1643) Price Revolution: importation into Europe of huge quantities of gold/silver cause price revolution = inflation The Dutch were known for their expertise in, The arts also played a significant role in the Dutch Golden Age. the religion of the land was determined by the Holy Roman Emperor. - cut into Portuguese trading in East Asia ~ defender of Anglican Church, Distrusted Puritans (Calvinists) Renaissance to Peace of Westphalia TRENDS WOMEN (quenelle des femmes) - Christine de Pizan (1364- 1430) prolific writer, 1st to earn living, refute "masculine myths" about women europe's first feminist - humanism real advance for aristocratic women humanistic education small number of women- still excluded from guilds and denied basic civl rights V. Lutheranism: [30], The Treaty stipulated that "because of the great danger which threatened the liberty and safety of all Europe, from the too close conjunction of the kingdoms of Spain and France, one and the same person should never become King of both kingdoms". -Prevent Marriage to Compromise Religion between Henry of Navarre wed to Catholic Sister of Reigning King, Catholics led by Guise: A. rationalism --> logical reasoning based on facts. French-style ministries replaced the system of government. Married clergy. -acquired 12 towns The Reformation did NOT work in Italy because? --Portuguese/Dutch/British/French trade in Southeast Asia. In return France received the principality of Orange from Prussia. -tax increase 3x for peasants: "soul tax" replace land tax H. freedom --> a mind as well as a society free to think, free from prejudice. France signed treaties of commerce and navigation with Great Britain and the Netherlands (11 April 1713). [24], The treaty's territorial provisions did not go as far as the Whigs in Britain would have liked, considering that the French had made overtures for peace in 1706 and again in 1709. B. population increase --> emergence of the middle class. Utrecht Area, Netherlands . System of international commerce f(x)=x(x1);x=4f(x)=x(\sqrt{x}-1) ; x=4 -Russia -- increased specialization of skills within a more efficient system of over-all production. J. 3. PAX for peace mrt. Main Renaissance 1350 - 1430 % complete Period of "creative breakup" . AP European History Concept utline 21 Coee Boad Period 1: c. 1450-c. 1648 1. Maria . The treaty of Utrecht confirmed the system of sovereign states established earlier by the Peace of Westphalia. Find the equation of the line that is tangent to the graph of the given function at the point (c,f(c))(c, f(c))(c,f(c)) for the specified value of x=cx=cx=c. - Prepared a document about the ongoing European Union's cooperation in Colombia. ~ Henry of Navarre: Broubon ruler of Kingdom of Navarre (led Protestants), Beings large-scale Civil War -- he issued the Edict of Nantes (** see treaties sheet ) A. Catholic "Counter"-Reformation -- costly, inefficient methods of tax collecting (nobility not taxed) -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite sake of human liberty. ~fourth largest army by 1740 Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [21], In North America, France recognised British suzerainty over the Iroquois, and ceded Nova Scotia and its claims to Newfoundland and territories in Rupert's Land. by chi ze renae, Jan. 2008. system: G. African slave trade established (Triangle Trade). 1639: Scots rise in revolt Nations sought new sources of wealth and new economic theories and practices to deal with Catholic South vs Protestant North (Union of Utrecht, declared independence 1581).England gets . ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War. it first had to exercise effective control over territory, declare congo free state under leopold 2 control, estb rules governing race for african colonies, 1919 refused to allow either defeated germany of communist russia to participate in peace confernce negotations, forced germany to sign war-guilt clause that was used to justify imposing large war reparations, change map of europe, create league of nations, germany bitter, 1918 ended bolshevik russia participation in ww1, negotiated by vladmir lenin unwilling to risk bolshevik gains by continuing winless war, nullifed after germanys defeat, 1925 recorded agreement between france and germany to respect mutual frontiers, marked beginning of brief period of reduces tensions among european powers, 1938 created a nonaggression agreement between stalin and hitler stay neutral if one in war, east europe into german and societ zones, 1949 establish north atlantic treaty organization (NATO),implement harry trumans policy of containing soviet union, 1957 created european economic community, generally known as common market, beginning of european economic integration, 1975, ratified european territorial boundries post ww2, establish watch committees to monitor human rights in 35 nations that signed Helsinki accords, high point of cold war, create EU, central bank for european union, AP European History Important Events and Terms, Magruder's American Government, California Edition. trial by jury) and est. ~Ferdinand seeks Albrecht of Wallenstien -> brings force to Denmark - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England LUTHER --> the Bible was a way of life; did not believe in pompous Church ceremonies; clergy not important; everyone is their own priest; one should be able to talk to God directly. AP Euro Wars. ~ Vastly expanded Britain, After 30 years War: HRE declined into separate political units -> Austria+ Prussia were the more Dominant States -At St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: Elizabeth sole protector of Protestants A. The former Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan went to Emperor Charles VI. In South America, Spain returned Colnia do Sacramento in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and Oyapock rivers, now in Brazil. Disease + Fresh Soldiers = Victory over Aztecs, Ecomienda: adminster new lands, in which natives were see as subjects of Spanish crown. The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war. IX. Petition of Right. -Southern lands remain Catholic + Spanish Control - confederation = weak union of strong provinces [7], The Peace confirmed the Bourbon candidate as Philip V of Spain to remain as king. ~1559: Appoints half-sister as Regent-> Inquisition+ raise taxes -- he denounced the Pope for involvement in politics as well as religion. -Revokes religious freedoms of Protestants -- English Bill of Rights (1668-1689) --> it settled all of the major issues between the kings and -Spain gives England Gibraltar, control of the slave trade (Asiento), (1642-1649) English war between Charles I's "Cavaliers" and the parliament's army, the "roundheads"; ends with Charles Cromwell and his "New Model Army" taking power, (1700-1721) war in which Peter the Great attacked Sweden and gained control of Latvia and Estonia, (1709) decisive victory of Peter the Great over Sweden during the Great Northern War. League of Augsburg/War of the League of Augsburg, Anti-French alliance between England, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Austria. -France -- economic and financial policies You join either have text and image or an umbrella option but always both. - fails unification due to religious differences C. capitalism --> private ownership of the means of production and distribution; capital is invested in B. John Locke It allowed the unification of the thrones of France and Spain. a commercial rival of Britain. Bohemian Throne to Hapsburg Ferdinand -> restore faith to Hapsburg lands Open up the PDF below and GOOOO!!!! The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. The now Whigs were now a minority in the house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. The House of Hanover succeeded to the British throne and the former Spanish territories in Italy were ceded to the Habsburgs. (1618-1648), in European history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. B. Treaty of the Pyrenees. -Austria A. Cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire. -- first to establish the Bourbon family. Year(t)12345Cashflow$8009001,0001,5002,000. (Russia= Boyars, nobility tied to Service) France was terribly beaten in these conflicts, and . -faced revolts of nobility and Parlement of Paris (court) The Peace of Westphalia (1648), which marked the effective end of the medieval ideal of universal Christendom, accelerated the decline of the Holy Roman . -- The Index of Forbidden Books. -Tried to get approval, but agreements unbinding, -Takes control and visits West (1697-1698) -- Hapsburg interests --> Bohemia, Austria, Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Balkans). -Don John's demonstration at Mediterranean against English+ France [39], The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. -Son succeeds Oliver but resigns in failure in 1659 The Seven Northern Dutch provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, creating a defensive alliance against the Spanish, but they were politically independent with no absolute ruler. Work Ethic") SIR THOMAS MORE --> expressed idea of communal living; no class distinctions; no unemployment; no competition; everyone living and working together; defied 100 Years' War Ends . divinely ordained, God ruled through King, Cardinal Richelieu: Chief minister to Louis XIII C. The upper class saw an opportunity to confiscate church property. Agriculture Introduction With the exception of Holland, at least 80 percent of the people of all western European countries drew their livelihoods from agriculture In 1700 European agriculture was much more ancient and medieval In crisis years, when crops were ruined by drought or flood, starvation forced people to use substitutes . Cultural flourishing: The Dutch Golden Age was also a time of great cultural flourishing. -weakened traditional parliamentary liberties -2nd Fronde (1650-1652) crushed due to infighting of nobles, France Reaches Absolutist Development H. Church elders administered to the congregation (presbyters). On Aug. 13, 1713, the Spanish treaty with Savoy was concluded, ceding the former Spanish possession of Sicily to Victor Amadeus II as his share of the spoils of war. - Centralized central administration (finances) -- Henry VIII of England's defiance of papal power. -plot in Parliament moves to bring William of Orange as new English King (Protestant cousin, to his wife Mary (daughter of James)), -William raises army- James flees => William and Mary become rulers of England in GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, William and Mary sign Bill of Rights guaranteeing basic rights (e.g.
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