Majority to pass: A majority of votes cast on the measure and not less than 40 % of total votes cast at the election. N.R.S. Ballot measure committees must file pre-primary, pre-general, year-end and, if applicable, supplemental reports in even-numbered years. Art. 3, 2; NDCC, 16.1-01-17. List the factors that affect the success of a Referendum? In every state, petitions must follow guidelines, which vary by state. d. the Republicans and the Democrats. Proponents must turn in sheets each month (O.R.S. a. incumbents. Campaign consultants do all of the following except Application process information: No fees or application, Where to file with: Secretary of state (M.C.L.A. Art. Art. Number of signatures required: 10% of the voters who voted in the preceding general election (Const. 34-1813); and Maine (21-A M.R.S.A. I consent to the use of following cookies: Necessary cookies help make a website usable by enabling basic functions like page navigation and access to secure areas of the website. Const. States such as Alaska (AS 15.45.150); Idaho (I.C. General election, or at a special election ordered by the general assembly. Art. Submission deadline of signatures: Have 120 days before election for amendments, and 160 days before election and not less than 10 days before legislative session for statutes (M.C.L.A. IV, pt. Circulator requirements: Must be 18 or older, registered with the secretary of state, and cannot have been convicted or pled guilty to forgery crimes (V.A.M.S. To ask citizens to confirm or repeal a decision Which of the following is a method of limiting voter access? received, the candidates are running under a __________ system. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Signature may be withdrawn not later than 5 p.m. on the date the petition containing the person's signature is filed by signing a statement of intent to withdraw at the secretary of state's office, mailing a signed, notarized statement of intent to the secretary of state or drawing a line through the signature and printed name (ARS 19-113). Art. Art. V, 1(3) and CRS 1-40-117. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Wyo. Election officials start counting provisional ballots on the 2nd Wednesday after each election. Who can sign the petition: Registered electors of the state (Const. Some states have what's called an indirect initiative process. 19, 1). Art. Art. Art. Circulator requirements: 18 years old and a resident of South Dakota; no registered sex offender may circulate a petition unless the person is in the employ of and under the immediate supervision of another person and under circumstances with preclude any contact with children (SDCL 12-1-32 through -34). LXXXI, 4). 2 with the secretary of state (34 Okl.St.Ann. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (NRS 32-630 and -1404). Const. Code 9607). a. spot ads Application process information: File with the secretary of state an application containing the act to be referred. III, 2. General review of petition: The secretary of state will furnish ballot statements explaining the effects of a no or yes vote for the measure, which will include whether it will increase, decrease or maintain taxes (V.A.M.S. Art. Seven states (Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio and Oregon) allow sponsors extra time to gather additional signatures if the petitions submitted are insufficient. No more than one-quarter of signatures may come from a single county. Const. Const. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: Not automatically, though the law can be suspended with a higher signature threshold and an earlier submission deadline25% of the total vote cast in the last election, including 25% of the votes cast in each of 3/4 of the counties, submitted no later than 90 days after the adjournment of the legislative session (Const. These may be accepted or rejected (Neb. 12, 2. 116.334). b. money donated to a party to sponsor party building and voter registration. 169.234; 169.247). 1051, 1052, 1052-A, 1053-B, 1054, 1054-A, 1055, 1055-A, 1056, 1056-A, 1056-B, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1062-A, 1062-B and the Commission on Governmental Ethics and Election Practices). N.R.S. XI, 5). Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: An act referred to the people is in effect until suspended by petitions signed by at least 15% of the qualified electors in a majority of the legislative representative districts. Under the obligatory type, a statute or constitution requires that certain classes of legislative action be referred to a popular vote for approval or rejection. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Voter may withdraw signature by submitting to the secretary of state, before the petition is filed with the secretary of state, a sworn statement requesting that his or her signature be withdrawn and affirming the name of the petition signed, the name the voter used when signing the petition, the address of the voter and the county of residence (Mo.Rev.Stat. Who creates petitions: Sponsors (A.C.A. What is on each petition: Petition must include full and correct title and text of the law (Const. States with geographic requirements using entities that are unequal in population, such as counties or even state legislative districts, are more likely to have the requirement challenged in court (for example, see Montana). Art. Const. Amend. 1-40-113). Art. An emergency law shall remain in force notwithstanding such petition but shall stand repealed 30 days after having been rejected by a majority of the qualified electors voting thereon (Const. Cookies are small text files that can be used by websites to make a user's experience more efficient. 2, 9; Const. 5, 2; Constitution 48, Init., Pt. 1953 20A-7-211). LXXIV, 2 and MGL ch. St. 32-1405.01; 32-1405.02; 32-1413). 34-1804, 34-1809). No veto by governor for either measure passed by voters or legislature (M.C.L.A. 19, 2; N.R.S. Repeat measures: For three years, measures can only be proposed again by signatures totaling 25 % of total votes cast for governor last election, and special rule for competing measures (OK Const. 3, 3; NDCC, 16.1-01-09). Art. 2; 21 Okl.St.Ann. Which of the following is a method of limiting voter access? Paid per signature: Prohibited (Const. Stat. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Any signer may remove their signature at any time before the petition is filed by striking it out on the petition (ORC 3501.38(H)). The second question was to determine whether two references in the Australian Constitution, which discriminated against Aboriginal people, should be removed. If the petition is insufficient, the sponsors have 10 extra days to collect more signatures (OH Const. Proponents may withdraw a measure at any time before filing the petition. 250.137; 250.139). 14, 11. Art. Geographic distribution: Yes. Submission deadline for signatures: Not more than 60 days after the final adjournment of the session of the state legislature which passed on the bill on which the referendum is demanded (IC 34-1803). A ballot summary is prepared by Department of Legislative Services and approved by attorney general Elec. Missouri: The secretary of State will furnish ballot statements explaining the effects of a no or yes vote for the measure, which will include whether it will increase, decrease or maintain taxes. 904-B), Number of signatures required: Ten % of the total votes cast for governor in the last gubernatorial election (M.R.S.A. Not more than 5% of qualified electors, based on total number of votes cast for governor at last preceding gubernatorial elections. 12, 2). Who creates petitions: Sponsors (Elec. 3, 3; NDCC, 16.1-01-09), Collected in-person: Yes (NDCC, 16.1-01-09). d. All of the above involved ideological clashes. M.G.L.A. XVI, 4). 14, 9; Art. 293.250). 1(9) and ARS 19-112). States have statutes covering conflicting or competing measures, the percent of the vote needed to pass a measure, and repeal or change restrictions. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: The submission of a petition suspends the operation of any act except emergency measures and appropriation measures for the support and maintenance of state departments and institutions (Const. 4, 1, Pt. General election unless the legislature orders a special election. What is on each petition: Form of the petition is prescribed by the State Board of Elections. Const. Const. Art. 116.130). c. throughout the entire campaign Collected in-person: Yes (A.R.S. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: In some cases, yes. Seven states impose explicit limits for how much time must pass before a measure is re-attempted, ranging from 12 months to five years: M.G.L.A. 8). II, 9(b)). 4, Pt. Ballot title and summary: Prepared jointly by the secretary of state and attorney general (IC 34-1810(1)(b)). The descriptive title, which is printed below the official title on the ballot, is written by the secretary of state with the approval of the attorney general (ARS 19-125). Partisan loyalty is likely to be highest in the election of Proponent organization and requirements: None specified. Art. III, 2). 2, 3; Amend. 4, Pt. 168.482). Verification: Verification method not specified, but "In considering the sufficiency of a referendum petition the burden of proving that all signatures appearing on the page are genuine and that the signers are qualified electors of the county named on the page and are in all respects entitled to sign the petition shall be upon the sponsors of the petition, if it is apparent beyond a reasonable doubt to the secretary of state that twenty percent or more of the signatures on any one page thereof are fictitious, forged or otherwise clouded, or that the challenged petitioners were ineligible to sign the petition, which fact was known or could have been ascertained by the exercise of reasonable diligence on the part of the person soliciting the signatures on that page" (NMSA 1-17-11). If raising more than $5,000 in a year, the entity must register as a ballot question committee. b. Through the initiative a specified number of voters may petition to invoke a popular vote on a proposed law or an amendment to a constitution. Art. Normal constitutional amendment requirements are needed to overturn an amendment (M.G.L.A. Persons involved in a statewide initiative or referendum process are subject to the provisions of the Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act. Which election is a measure on: Next general election held at least 131 days after signatures are certified. 250.045). A petition organizer must register with the secretary of state. XLVII, Pt. 1953, Const. The title may be different from the legislative title, but in all cases the legislative title shall be sufficient. Criminal background check done for paid circulators with additional restrictions. VI). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Have 120 days before election for amendments, and 160 days before an election and not less than 10 days before legislative session for statutes (M.C.L.A. Art. File a letter with secretary of state, signed by designated representatives, no later than 60 days prior to the election. 3, 52(b) and Wyo. Same if an alternate measure is proposed. 2, 8). During midterm elections, voters are electing, 6. Two-thirds vote (or majority after two years). 12; 25). No statute found; used IR 124 (Nov. 2012) as a reference, The ballot title must be worded so that those in favor of retaining the measure shall vote retain, and those opposing the measure shall vote repeal., The question printed on the ballot must be: Shall the statute (setting out its title) be approved?, The ballot for voting on a referred act should bear the following instructions at the top: Instructions to voters. Cannot relate to: religion, the judiciary, specific appropriations, local or special legislation, the 18th Amendment of the constitution, anything inconsistent with the Declaration of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (M.G.L.A. In these states, sponsors may take a draft, or even just an idea, to a legislative office for assistance with the form and content of the initiative before submitting the proposal to the appropriate state official. A committee must be formed upon the occurrence of any of the following in a calendar year: receiving $2,000 or more in contributions, , making independent expenditures totaling $1,000 or more or making contributions totaling $10,000 or more. Art. Art. 21 allow for initiated state statutes. 3, 18, 20). But you explicitly may pay based on hourly wage or salary, express or implied minimum signature requirements for the circulator to meet, terminate someone's employment if they do not meet "certain productivity requirements," and pay discretionary bonuses based on reliability, longevity, and productivity (SDCL 12-13-28). Amend. II, 1g and O.R.C. 21 1; A.R.S. Const. Proponent and approved by the attorney general, is the title for both the petition and ballot. Art. Justices of the peace and county recorders may not circulate petitions (ARS 19-114). Art. $50,000 Petition title and summary creation: Within 15 days of the issuance of the certificate of review by the attorney general, petitioners file the measure with the secretary of state, who forwards it to the attorney general, who has 10 days to draft a title (IC 34-1809(2)). Petition title and summary creation: Lieutenant governor (Const. Where to file with: Secretary of state (V.A.M.S. Public review or notice: Newspaper publication, and the public has 10 days to file a protest as to the constitutionality of the measure (34 Okl.St.Ann. 44. Const. Campaign ads try to reach independent and undecided voters. Art. 168.482; 168.544c). 4, 3; Constitution 48, Init., Pt. II, 1g). After chance for comment by all legislators, the legislative council prepares an impartial analysis with description, background information and likely effects (A.R.S. Rev. 5, 1). 34-1802). 1953 20A-7-202), Proponent organization and requirements: At least five sponsors must apply (U.C.A. II, 1g; O.R.C. Conflicting measures: The measure receiving largest number of affirmative votes is enacted (M.G.L.A. 34-1805). Law 13-202). If the legislature rejects the measure, the legislature may propose an alternative measure (with the approval of the governor), and it will appear on the ballot along with the original initiative. 23-17-7; 23-17-9; 23-17-15, Proponents, approved or rewritten by attorney general, Proponent, with possibility of being amended by statute, Secretary of state and approved by the attorney general. Rev. 3, 18 and 21-A M.R.S.A. III, 4). 6). Next general election at least four months after filing the signatures. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on the 12th day before an election, the 38th day after an election and the last business day of January and July of every year. 48, Init., Pt. The attorney general may determine an act of the legislature is the same as a proposed law and will remove it from appearing on the ballot (W.S.1977 22-24-304; 22-24-319). Art. Only regular state, congressional and municipal elections, and filed at least four months before election. 21-A M.R.S.A. North Dakota: The secretary of state reviews and if the office deems it insufficient, the committee of petitioners has 20 days to correct it. A referendum is a process for constitutional change in which proposal is voted on by the public. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Must file a statement of formation as a political action committee within 10 days of formation (Wyo. 1953 20A-7-202). 7-9-114). Conflicting measures: The measure receiving the greatest number of affirmative votes becomes law (Ark. 22-24-414). Const. Amending or diverting funds from a referendum measure requires a three-fourths vote of the members of each house of the legislature, and the amendment must further the purposes of the measure (Const. What is the most unusual form of direct democracy? 22-24-407). And published in newspaper (F.S.A. 19-119). 100.371), Ballot title and summary: Sponsor, approved by secretary of state, reviewed by attorney general (F.S.A. 354). Secretary of the state and attorney general. Cannot relate to: religion, the judiciary, specific appropriations, local or special legislation, the 18th amendment of the constitution, anything inconsistent with the Declaration of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Designated representatives must, within 10 days of filing a completed petition, file a report containing information about paid circulators and any other expenditures made in relation to circulating petitions. Petition bears the title of the bill it seeks to repeal, and the secretary of state drafts the ballot title that appears on the petition. Rev. In the others, the measure goes directly to the ballot after it is submitted to the legislature. IV, 1). Thirteen states require publication in a newspaper: Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma and Utah. CONST. Art. Art. If passed by legislature, it is subject to the referendum (M.C.L.A. MT CONST Art. Acts making appropriations for state institutions or to meet deficiencies in state funds, Laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, and laws making appropriations for the current expenses of the state government, for the maintenance of state institutions and for the support of public schools. That means the total number of signatures required for ballot access will vary depending upon which congressional districts sponsors put together to reach the total of six . Proponent organization and requirements: A committee of three applicants must be designated to represent the sponsors in all matters pertaining to the petition. Const. V, 3; 34 Okl.St.Ann. 48, Pt. During the earliest years of the United States, who nominated the candidates for president? Art. In all states, a qualified popular referendum may be placed on the ballot in a statewide general election. Campaign statements must be filed by the 11th day before the election, the 30th day after the election, April 25 and July 25 every year and October 25 in odd-numbered years. Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days after the adjournment of the legislative session at which it was passed (Const. Verification: For each signature, county clerk verifies if the person is a registered voter (Utah Code 20A-7-306(3) and -306.3). Initiative is when citizens get signatures and make the decision to put it on the ballot to be voted on. Const. Where to file with: Secretary of state (NDCC Const. 4), Michigan (M.C.L.A. Massachusetts (M.G.L.A. Who can sign the petition: Any registered voter of Missouri, but each petition page can contain only signatures from one county (Mo.Rev.Stat. 23-17-45). When does public opinion polling take place during a campaign? Stat. Proponent organization and requirements: Must also file statement of organization (SDCL 12-27-6). What is necessary before a Referendum is put to the people? 48), South Dakota (Const. c. decreases partisan conflict in government. Submission deadline for signatures: Must be submitted before 5 p.m. no later than the earlier of 30 days after the first individual signs the petition or 40 days after the legislative session ends (Utah Code 20A-7-306(1)). For indirect initiatives, about nine months (proposed measure submitted within 10 months of the session it is to be submitted at with a deadline of 10 days before the session) (RCWA 29A.72.030). No earlier than 75 days, and no later than 15 days, voter information pamphlet and newspaper publication (U.C.A. Const. Accessed 2 May. 116.030). Voters have approved 158, an approval rate of 35.75%. 5, 1). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: See timeline and deadlines. Number of signatures required: Not more than 5 % of the qualified electors, based on the total number of votes cast for governor at the last preceding gubernatorial elections (Const. Art. Art. Art. The issues that are important to the party make up the ________. Statement of organization must be filed not later than 15 days after the committee made or received contributions or paid expenses in excess of $500. 3519.01 and 3519.05(C). Art. Code 18603). Proponent organization and requirements: There may be a legally or generally recognized sponsor of the proposed amendment or question (M.C.L.A. States also have varying processes for reviewing petitions. Proponent organization and requirements: Lists of circulators and notaries who notarized the petition sections must be filed with the secretary of state. There are exceptions, such as in Mississippi, where someone can withdraw a signature if it was signed as a result of fraud, coercion, or being intentional mislead as to the substance or effect of the petition (Miss. Art. Withdrawal process of individual signature: May not remove after official submission of petitions (O.R.S. Who creates petitions: The proponents (Miss. Number of signatures required: Ten % of votes cast for all candidates for governor in previous election for statutes. 43. II, 9). Cure period for insufficient signatures: If a petition is insufficient, a period of 20 days is allowed for correction (Const. Const. 14, 9). 1(3)). Art. Art. A ballot question committee includes any person, located within or outside Arkansas, who receives contributions or makes expenditures for the purpose of expressly advocating the qualification, disqualification, passage or defeat of any ballot measure. The plurality system 2, 3). Art. 22-24-411). Stat. And no measure that names an individual to hold office or names private corporation to perform any function. Since the total number of registered voters is constantly changing, with new voters being added and ineligible voters being removed, that presents a dilemma for the state. Rev. 4, 2; Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Art. Next succeeding election at which the question may be voted upon by the voters of the entire state. IV, 1(4)). 6, 22), Washington (RCWA Const. 50. Public meetings are also held and posting of amendments (A.R.S. Art. Const. Maine: If neither receives a majority, the one receiving the most votes, if it receives more than one-third of the votes given for or against both, will appear at the next statewide election to be held not less than 60 days after the vote (M.R.S.A. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Const. Types allowed: Direct initiative for statute and constitutional amendment, and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (Ne.Rev.St. Code 84101). Art. 34-1812c). IV, 1b). II, 1g; Art. Petition title and summary creation: Proponents (Neb. States sometimes limit how soon a measure can be re-attempted. 19-101(A), Maryland: Const. Art. c. No one could be denied suffrage on the basis of race or gender. Art. b. the Internet III, 3); next general election after the petition is regularly and legally filed with the secretary of state (NRS 32-1411). Timeline for collecting signatures: Signatures may be collected as soon as petition is approved and must be submitted to counties four weeks prior to the deadline (MCA 13-27-301). Must be a true and impartial statement of the purpose of the measure (MCL 168.482b and 168.22e). Art. Geographic distribution: A requirement for 5 % of the registered voters in two-fifths of the counties each was held unconstitutional, but that case was vacated because of an issue of standing (Neb. Art. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: All campaign finance activity must be conducted through a campaign finance entity. The states vary in the number and the baseline used to determine the number of signatures required. Const. 22-24-405). 116.115). A petition's sponsor must file a campaign finance report at the time a petition is filed under 6-205, and a committee opposing a ballot measure must file a campaign finance report within 10 business days after the petition is filed under 6-205. 4, ; Const. Art. IV, 1). 19, 1). Art. What is on each petition: Must include a summary of not more than 100 words of the purpose of the proposed question, statement by signers, warning and check boxes to indicate whether circulator is paid or volunteer (MCL 168.482). majority of its delegates, it is called the An estimated fiscal impact statement must be printed with any constitutional amendment or initiated or referred measure on the ballot. Withdrawal of petition: File a letter with secretary of state, signed by designated representatives, no later than 60 days prior to the election (C.R.S.A. Const. art. A warning to signers is required (CRS 1-40-110). 901), Proponent organization and requirements: Any organization supervising or managing petition circulation must register with secretary of state (21-A M.R.S.A. III, 2; Art. Const. Prepared jointly by the secretary of state and attorney general, Const. A handful require that each signature be individually verified, including Nebraska (NRS 32-1409), Ohio (ORC 3519.15), Oklahoma (OK Stat. Must file quarterly reports.
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